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1、PhysicaA446(2016)11–21ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectPhysicaAjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/physaAnoptimalcontrolmodelforreducingandtradingofcarbonemissionsHuayingGuo,JinLiang∗DepartmentofMathematics,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai,200092,Ch
2、inaarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:AstochasticoptimalcontrolmodelofreducingandtradingforcarbonemissionsisReceived30April2015establishedinthispaper.WithconsiderationsofreducingthecarbonemissiongrowthAvailableonline23November2015andthepriceoftheallow
3、ancesinthemarket,anoptimalpolicyissearchedtohavetheminimumtotalcoststoachievetheagreementofemissionreductiontargets.ThemodelKeywords:turnstoatwo-dimensionHJBequationproblem.BythemethodsofreducingdimensionOptimalcontrolandCole–Hopftransformation,asemi
4、-closedformsolutionofthecorrespondingHJBHJBequationproblemundersomeassumptionsisobtained.Formoregeneralcases,thenumericalCarbontradingcalculations,analysisandcomparisonsarepresented.Carbonreduction©2015ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionInre
5、centyears,globalwarming,climatechangeandcarbonemissionmanagementhavebeenauniversalconcern.In1997,theKyotoprotocolwassignedattheconferenceinKyoto,andassignsmandatoryemissionlimitsforgreenhousegases,primarilycarbondioxide(CO2)tothesignatorynations[1].T
6、oimplementtheKyotoProtocolinEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanCommissionlaunchedEuropeanClimateChangeProgram(ECCP)inJun.2000.InJan.2005,theEuropeanUnionEmissionTradingScheme(EUETS)[2]beganoperating.Thisisthefirstandstillbyfarthebiggestinternationalsystemfortr
7、adinggreenhousegasemissionallowancesandcoversaround45%oftotalgreenhousegasemissionsfromthe28EUcountries.TheEUETSworksonthecap-and-tradeprinciple.Acapmeansthatthetotalamountofgreenhousegascanbeemittedbythecountry,orafactoryspecificallyinapredetermined
8、period.Ifthesignatorypartiesrunoutthecap,theyneedtopurchasetheEUA(theEuropeanUnionAllowance)fromtheothers.Theycanalsosellthespareallowancesinthemarkettomakeprofits[2,3].Furthermore,itallowsthesignatorypartiestobuytheinternationalcreditsfromemission-s
