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1、SectionTwo:ScienceandTechnology1. ComputerinEducationThereisagreatdealofinterestintheuseofcomputersineducation.TheeducationaluseofcomputersiscalledComputerAssistedInstruction,orCAI.ManypublicschoolsintheUnitedStateshaveacquiredcomputersandCAIprogramstorumonthem.Schooldi
2、strictsareestablishingcomputerresourcecentersandspecialtrainingprogramstohelpteachersusecomputers.Inaddition,somecollegesanduniversitiesarebeginningtoestablishcomputerliteracyrequirementsforgraduation.Inspiteofallthisinterestintheuseofcomputersineducation,someeducatorsandstu
3、dentsstillmaybewonderingifthisexpensivetoyisreallyworththeirtimeand,insomecases,money.Theanswerisadefiniteyes:Theuseofcomputersineducationhasimportantbenefitsforbothstudentsandteachers.Computersenhanceastudent’slearningexperienceinmanyways.Firstofall,thecomputerhastheability
4、toaccommodateindividualdifferencesinlearningspeedbecausetheuser(thestudent)istheonewhocontrolsthepaceofthelessons.Inaddition,becauseacomputerisnonjudgmental,thelearnerdoesnothavetobeafraidofreprisalorhumiliationwhenmakingerrors.Forexample,becausecomputerscanrepeatinformation
5、overandover,theusercanaskformanyrepetitionsofalessonwithoutfearingajudgmentalresponseabouthisorherabilitytolearn.Thebeneficialeffectsoflearninginastress-freeatmospherearewelldocumented.AthirdadvantageofCAIisthatcomputercangiveastudentimmediatefeedback.Itcantellthestudentwhys
6、heorheiswrongassoonasanerrorismade,anditcanevenprovideanapproachhintforfiguringoutthecorrectanswer.Notonlydocomputersbenefitstudents,theyalsomaketheteacher’sjobeasier.Oneadvantageliesinthepreparationofinstructionalmaterials.Schoolsandcollegescanpurchaseeducationalcomputerpro
7、gramsthatcanbeadaptedtoanylearningsituation.Thesesystems,called“authoringsystems,”arelikeskeletallessonplans:Theformatofseveralexercisesandtestsisalreadyplannedout;alltheteacheraddsistheinformationheorshewantsthestudentstolearn(mathematicalproblems,vocabularylists,andsoforth
8、).Theauthoringsystemautomaticallyincorporatestheseteachingpointsintoitsprep
