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1、PartIReadingComprehension(2*25=50points)Directions:Therearefivepassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Decideonthebestchoice.Passage1Childrenlearnalmostnothingfromtelevision,andthemoretheywatchthelesst
2、heyremember.Theyregardtelevisionpurelyasentertainment,resentprogramsthatdemandonthemandaresurprisedthatanybodyshouldtakethemediumseriously.Farfrombeingover-excitedbyprograms,theyaremildlyboredwiththewholething.Thesearethemainconclusionsfromanewstudyofchildrenandtelevision.Theauthor——Cardia
3、cCullingfordconfirmsthatthemodernchildisadedicatedviewer.Thestudysuggeststhatthereislittlepointinthelaterhours.Morethanathirdofthechildrenregularlywatchtheirfavoriteprogramsafter9p.m.All11-year-oldshavewatchedprogramsaftermidnight.Apartfromtheobviouswasteoftimeinvolved,itseemsthatallthisvi
4、ewinghaslittleeffect.Childrendon’tpaycloseattention,saysCullingford,andtheycanrecallfewdetails.Theycanrememberexactlywhichprogramstheyhaveseenbuttheycanrarelyexplaintheelementsofaparticularplot.“Recallwasinreverseproportiontotheamounttheyhadwatched”.Itispreciselybecausetelevision,unlikeate
5、acher,demandssolittleattentionandresponsethatchildrenlikeit,arguesCullingford.Programsseekingtoputoverseriousmessagesarestronglydisliked.Soarepeoplewhofrequentlytalkonscreen.Whatchildrenlikemost,andrememberbest,aretheadvertisements.Theyseethemasshortprogramsintheirownrightandparticularlyen
6、joyhumorouspresentation.Butagain,theyreactstronglyagainsthigh-pressureadvertisementsthatattemptopenlytoinfluencethem.Ontheotherhand,theyarenotemotionallyinvolvedintheprograms.Iftheyadmirethestars,itisbecausetheactorsleadglamorouslivesandearnalotofmoney,notbecauseoftheirfictionalskillswithf
7、astcarsandshootingvillains.Theyareperfectlyclearaboutthefunctionsofadvertisements;bytheageof12,onlyonein10childrenbelieveswhatevenfavoriteadssayabouttheproduct.AndsaysCullingford,educationaltelevisionisprobablyleastsuccessfulofallinimpartingattitudesorinformat
