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1、ClassicalGreekCultureGeographicalFacts1.TheGreekpeninsulaanditsneighboringislandscomprisethepresentGreece.2.mountanious(Pindus)SmallandisolatedlowlandsThePlainofThessaly(onthewestcoast)3.warmanddryclimate(drought-resistingplants,suchasolivesandlaurels)Prolog.TheAncientCivilizations(approxima
2、tely3500-1000B.C)Mesopotamia(3500B.C.)1.)thesymbolofthebeginningofcivilizations:Agricultureemerged.(Thecultivationoflandandthedomesticationofplantsandanimals)Institutionalchanges(Hierarchiesandtownsappeared.)FromNeolithictribalismtoCivilizationI.TheCretan(Minoan,克里特)CivilizationFrom3000B.C.-
3、1100B.C.(approximately)TheprosperitymostlyreliedonitstradefromoneendoftheMediterraneantotheother.MinosPalaceinCrete,GreeceII.TheMycenaean（迈锡尼）CivilizationTheinvasionofNomads(游牧民）About1600-1150B.C.,theMinoanculturewasgraduallyweakened,toppledandtransplantedtothemainlandandotherGreekislands.Th
4、emostfamousonewastheMycenaeanCulture.MaritimepowerliketheMinoans(trade/raid)Slaveswerecommonlyusedinagricultureandhandicraftproduction.III.TheDarkAges(1200-800B.C.)Around1200B.C.,A“DarkAge”descendedandobscuredGreeceuntiltheriseofthecity-statesabout800B.C.About1200B.C.,theDorianscapturedtheMy
5、cenaeancitadelsandtownsonebyone.Administrativesystemsdisintegrated,ruralpopulationsscattered,foreigntradewithered,andGreecerevertedtoanagrarianandpastoraleconomy.PoetryoftheDarkAgesIliadandOdysseybyHomer(p.27,textbook),aboutwars,adventures,thelifeofnoblesandkings.WorksandDaysandBirthoftheGod
6、sbyHesiod(赫西奥德),aboutthelifeandloreofthefarmersandthegenealogies(家谱）ofthegods.TheembryooftheGreekpolisgovernmentTheContemporaryChineseCultureFrom1500-1027B.C.,theShangDynastyandbefore1027-771B.C.,theZhouDynasty771-256B.C.theEasternZhouDynasty(kinginname,theclassicalChinesecivilizationtakingf
7、orm)IV.TheGoldenAge(700-400B.C.)Inthedarkage,theSocietywastribal,aristocratic,agricultural,andconfinedtotheAegeanbasin.Bytheendofthe6thCenturyB.C.,thetribehadgivenwaytocity-states(poleis);othersocialclasseshadrisentochallengethenobility;industryand
