_retardation （mr）精神发育迟滞（mr）课件

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1、MentalRetardation(MR)DrShreedharPaudelMay,2009MR……Mentalretardationisadevelopmentaldisabilitymarkedbylower-than-normalintelligenceandlimiteddailylivingskillsDiminishedlearningcapacityanddoesnotadjustwellsociallyMentalretardationisnormallypresentatbirthordevelopsearlyinlifeMR….Mentalretardati

2、onisdefinedbytwostandardsfirststandardisaperson'slevelofintelligenceusuallymeasuredbyspecialtestscalledintelligencetestsIntelligencetestsprovideanumericalrankingofaperson'smentalabilitiescalledanintelligencequotientor,morecommonly,anIQMR….Thesecondstandardformentalretardationisadaptiveskills

3、meanshowwellapersoncandealwiththetasksofeverydaylifetheabilitytospeakandunderstandhome-livingskillsuseofcommunityresourcesleisure,self-care,andsocialskillsbasicacademicskills(reading,writing,andarithmetic);andworkskillsMR….IntelligenceQuotient:-Mentalagedividedbychronologicalagemultipliedby1

4、00DegreesofmentalhandicapMild→51--70Moderate→36--50Severe→21--35Profound→0--20MR…I.Qlevel71—90→borderlineintelligence(notincludedinmentalhandicap)MildandmoderateareeducableandtrainableSevereandprofoundarecustodianMR…MildMentalRetardation85percentofthementallyretardedpopulationIndividualsofte

5、nliveontheirownwithcommunitysupportModerateMentalRetardation10percentofthementallyretardedpopulationIndividualsoftenleadrelativelynormallivesprovidedtheyreceivesomelevelofsupervisionOftenliveingrouphomeswithothermentallyretardedpeopleMR…SevereMentalRetardation3%to4%ofthementallyretardedpopul

6、ationmasterthemostbasicskillsofliving,suchascleaninganddressingthemselvesoftenliveingrouphomesProfoundMentalRetardation1%to2%ofthementallyretardedpopulationdevelopbasiccommunicationandself-careskillsoftenhaveothermentaldisordersMR….Etiology:-Interplayofseveralbiomedical,socioculturalandpsych

7、ologicalfactorsPrenatalMetabolic–galactosemia,mucopolysaccharidosisChromosomal–Down’ssynd.,KlinefeltersyndromeMaternalfactor–teratogenicdrugs,infectionduringpregnancyNeuroectodermal–tuberoussclerosisIodinedeficiencyMR….NatalBirthinjuryHypoxicischem