绪论骨总论骨学骨连结总论课件

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1、HumanSystematicAnatomyForforeignstudentsofMedicalSchoolofZhejiangUniversityXiaomingZhang2007-091IntroductionI.DefinitionofanatomyAnatomyisthesciencedealingwiththegrossmorphologyandspatialinterrelationsofstructuresofthebody.Forthemedicalstudents,humana

2、natomyisthebasiccourseofthepreclinicalandclinicalcurriculum.2II.Divisionsofanatomyfromdifferentmethodandpurposeofstudy.A.GrossAnatomyItisthestudyofmacroscopicorgrossstructurevisibletothenakedeye.Systematicanatomy;Regionalanatomy.B.MicroscopicAnatomy(h

3、istology)Itisthestudyofminutestructuresrequiringtheuseofthemicroscope.3C.DevelopmentalAnatomy(embryology)Itisthestudyofthedevelopmentofthebodyfromitsbeginning(fertilizedovum)tomaturity.D.AppliedAnatomy(PracticalorSurgicalAnatomy)Itisusuallyconcernedwi

4、thobservationsofhumanstructureswhichareusefulinmedicine,especiallyinthesurgicaltechnique,butalsoinclinicaldiagnosis.4III.GeneralstructureofhumanbodyA.Cells:Abodyconsistsofinnumerablecells.B.Tissue:—epithelialtissue—connectivetissue—musculartissue—ner

5、voustissueC.Organsandstructures5IV.AnatomicalterminologyA.AnatomicalpositionForthepurposeofdescriptionofvariouspartsofbodyandtheirlocation,abodyisassumedtobeinerectposition.Itisessentialtolearntheanatomicalpositionbecausemostofthedirectionalterminolog

6、yusedinanatomyreferstothebodyinthisposition.7—Anatomicalpositionthefaceandtoesdirectedforward；theeyesstraightforward；theheelsandtoesgettogether;theupperlimbshangbythesideofbodyandthepalmsofthehandsfaceforward.8B.Therelationalplanesandsections:1.Forw

7、holebodya)sagittalplaneaverticalplanewhichdividesbodyintoleftandrightparts.*median(midsagittal)planerightandleftpartsareequal.b)Coronal(frontal)planeaverticalplane,whichdividesbodyintoanteriorandposteriorparts.c)Horizontal(transverse)planeitisatright

8、angletobothsagittalandCoronalplanesanddividesbodyintosuperiorandinferiorparts.2.Fororgan:longitudinalandtransverseplanes9C.Axisesverticalaxis;sagittalaxis;coronalaxis.10D.ThetermsofdirectionAnterior——posterior(ventral——dorsal)Medial——la