贡斯当自由主义思想探析

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1、的最佳政制方案。关键词：大革命；人民主权；现代人的自由；代议制2AbstractBenjaminConstantplaysanimportantroleintheideologyofwesternliberalism.HistheoryofliberalisminheritsfromJohnLockeandMontesquieu’straditionalthoughtdirectly,withadistinctcharacteristicofBritishliberalism.TheideologicalcharacteristicsofConstantarediffere

2、ntfromtheFrenchtraditionofrationalism,butreflectatendencyofprudentempiricist.ThesecharacteristicsareassociatedwiththebackgroundwhichConstantlivedin.TheoutbreakoftheFrenchRevolutionattheendoftheeighteenthCenturyisamajorevent,whichhadprofoundeffectsonthedevelopmentofhumanpoliticalcivilizatio

3、n.ThesocialeffectscausedbytherevolutionwereaccompaniedwiththethroughoutlifeofConstant,andledtohisdeepreflectiononit.TheexperienceofthefailureoftheGreatRevolutionprovethattherationalizationdisplaysincompetenceinresponsetothecollapseofpoliticaltraditionandtherestructureofpoliticalmode,andUto

4、pianismwouldresultinapainfuldisasterinpoliticalfieldinsteadofestablishingarationalorder.Therefore,Constantwasawarethatpeopleshouldn’ttakethispathofabstractrationalismtostudythepolitics,insteadoffindingthebasisofpoliticalsystemfromtherealityandthetradition.TheformationofConstant’sliberalide

5、ashasaninevitableconnectionwithhisprofoundreflectiononFrenchsocialhistory.HethinksthattheGreatRevolutionhadasuccessinthedestructionoftheoldsystemtopromotetheprogressofhumanpoliticalcivilization.However,Constantalsoaccusesitofviolatingtheoriginalpurposeoffreedomandgoingtowardtheoppositeoffr

6、eedominthesubsequentprocess.HehasanideaofthatthethinkersofEnlightenmentasRousseaushouldberesponsiblefor“Thetyrannyofthemajority”appearingintherevolutionbecauseofrevolutionarypoliticsguidedbytheirpoliticaltheory.Inhisview,thethoughtofRousseauexposedthedeeptheoreticalcrisisbehindtherevolutio

7、n;Rousseau’spoliticalmodelbecameanarch-criminalofhumanrightsabusesandinfringementoffreedomduringtherevolution.SoConstantcriticizedthetheoryofpeoplesovereigntycreatedbyRousseau.Inaddition,ConstantisalsoawareoftheriskofRousseau’sthoughtnotonlyreflectedinpolitica