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1、上海卷III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussi
2、onoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple_51_.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe_52_dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,su
3、chaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult_53_situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural_54_，ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacing
4、uptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally_55_issues.Dunbar_56_thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdeveloped
5、bythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofo
6、urtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—_57_,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe_58_ofthehigherprimates（灵长类动物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeys
7、formgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor_59_fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar_60_thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogetherm
8、adesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe_61_itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto_62_thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespenti
