先天性心脏病（英文） ppt课件

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1、CongenitalHeartDiseaseJieTianM.D.Children’sHospitalofCUMSEpidemiologyofCHDPrevalenceCHDoccursin0.5-0.8%oflivebirths;Theincidenceishigheramongstillborns死产(3-4%),abortuses流产(10-25%),andprematureinfants(about2%excludingPDA);About2-3in1,000newborninfantswillbesymptomat

2、icwithheartdiseaseinthefirstyearoflife.EpidemiologyofCHDPrevalenceThediagnosisisestablishedby1weekofagein40-50%ofpatientswithCHDandby1monthofagein50-60%patients;Withtheadvancesinbothpalliative姑息andcorrectivesurgeryofthelast20years,thenumberofchildrenwithCHDsurvivin

3、gtoadulthoodhasincreaseddramatically;EpidemiologyofCHDPrevalenceDespitetheseadvances,CHDremainstheleadingcauseofdeathinchildrenwithcongenitalmalformations;Mostcongenitaldefectsarewelltoleratedinthefetusbecauseoftheparallelnatureofthefetalcirculation.EpidemiologyofC

4、HDEtiologyThecauseofmostCHDisunknown.GeneticfactorsplaysomeroleinCHD.Abouteightpercentofcasesresultmainlyfromgeneticfactors.TheheartdefectisusuallypartofachromosomaldisordersuchasDown'ssyndrome.However,nospecificgenelocusforCHDhasbeenidentified.EpidemiologyofCHDEti

5、ologyAchildborntoaparentwithCHDhasasubstantially大体上increasedlikelihoodofhavingasimilarcongenitallesion.Theriskmaybeashighas15percent.Forcertainlesions,thereappearstobeagreaterriskoftransmissionfromthemotherthanfromthefather.EpidemiologyofCHDEtiologyAbouttwopercento

6、fcasesofCHDareprimarilytheresultofenvironmentalorexternalfactors.Suchfactorsincluderubella风疹infectionandingestionofcertaindrugs,suchaslithium锂.CHDisaprominentcomponentofthefetalalcoholsyndrome.Theetiologicroleofotheragents,suchasanticonvulsantmedicationsandexogenou

7、s外源femalesexhormones,isuncertain.NoninvasiveDiagnosticStudiesChestXrayThelocationoftheheartThesizeoftheheartTherelationshipbetweenheartandgreatvesselThebloodflowofthelungNoninvasiveDiagnosticStudiesEchocardiographyEchocardiographyhasgreatvalueinassessingcongenitalc

8、ardiacanomaliesandshouldusuallybethefirstadvanceddiagnosticstudytobecarriedoutifthehistory,thephysicalexamination,thechestXray,andtheelectrocardi