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1、主谓一致Subject—verbConcord/Agreement主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致。主谓一致有三原则:语法一致(GrammaticalConcord)意义一致(NotionalConcord)就近原则(PrincipleofProximity)1.Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because____goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.(2003-50)A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounorm
2、eisC.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouare答案:C参考译文:进一步讨论这个事情是无益的,因为今天你我都在任何事情上不愿达成一致。原则:就近原则PrincipleofProximity1)当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk..Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.
3、2)当or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。Eitheryouorsheistogo.3)在倒装句中,动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头,be动词与后面第一个名词一致。如:Thereisadognearthedoor.Therewerenoschoolsinthisareabeforeliberation.Herecomesthebus.Onthewallweretwofamous
4、paintings.HereisMr.Brownandhischildren.2.Mr.Wells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,____forEuropethisafternoon.A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.leave答案:C参考译文:威尔斯先生,连同所有的家人,今天下午出发去欧洲。原则:语法一致GrammaticalConcord如果主语后跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,but,exce
5、pt,besides,perhaps,like,including,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan,inadditionto,accompaniedby,等引起的短语,谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如:1)Hissister,nolessthanyou,iswrong.2)Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefortheaccident.3)He,likeyouandXiaoLi
6、uisverydiligent.4)Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.5)Aliceaswellasherfriendswasinvitedtotheconcert.6)NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.3.Thestatistics___thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.A.proves B.isprovingC
7、.areproving D.prove答案:D解析:statistics在本句中表示“数据统计”而不是“统计学”,因此谓语动词不可用第三人称单数;此外prove表示“(已)证明”,不可用现在进行时态,因此,D为正确。原则:意义一致NotionalConcord以”ics”结尾表示学科名称的名词做主语,谓语动词多用单数;但如果其表达“学科”以外的其他意义,谓语动词便可用复数。acoustics(声学;音响效果)athletics(体育学;体育运动)economics(经济学;经济意义)ethics(伦理学;行为准
8、则)tactics(兵法;策略)mathematics(数学;运算能力)optics(光学;光线器件)physics(物理学;物理现象)politics(政治学;政治观点)linguistics(语言学)4.AllthePresident’sMen______oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.(