初三 定语从句 宾语从句

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1、第十一讲定语从句&宾语从句（一）、定义： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.Themanwholivesne

2、xttousisapoliceman.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：12、3、（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhol

3、osthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在

4、句子中做)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常

5、用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?（三）、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词　：when与where、why、在从句中作状语。先行词指时间when=in/at/on/duringwhichIwillneverforgetthedayswhen/o

6、nwhichwestayedinthesummerholiday.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthatwespentinthesummerholiday先行词指地点where=in/at/from/which5Thefactorywhere/inwhichweworked3yearsagoismissingnow.Thefactorythat/whichwevisited3yearsagoismissingnow.先行词指原因why=forwhichThereasonwhy/forwhichyoudidn’tcometoschoolisf

7、unny.Thereasonwhich/thatyouexplainedmeisunbelievable.【总结】：一、关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom／whowhichthat定语whose（＝ofwhom）whose（＝ofwhich）　　1.ThisisthedoctorwhocamefromLondon.　　2.Thebookwhich／thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.　　3.Thedeskwhoselegisbrok

8、enisveryold.4.Thisistheroomthat／w