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1、开头部分实验结论Inthisargument,thearguerconcludesthat…doing…willleadto…Tosupporttheconclusion,thearguerpointsoutthat…Inaddition,thearguerreasonsthat…Theargumentsuffersfromseveralcriticalfallacies.自己应该干吗根据观察和现象自己改正根据因果Inthisargument,thearguerrecommendsthat…shouldadvise…to…Tojustifythisclai
2、m,thearguerprovidestheevidencethat…Thus…shouldfollowthestudy’srecommendationand…inorderto…自己尝试新方法根据预测和假想Theconclusioninthisargumentisthat…canexpectto…bydoing…Insupportofthisprediction,thearguerclaimsthat…Moreover,thearguerassumesthatthisattempthas…benefits:1)to;2)to;3)to;Thisargum
3、entisfraughtwithvague,oversimplified,andunwarrantedassumptions.换一个供应商Inthisargument,theargueradvocatesthat…should…Thisrecommendationisbasedontheobservationthat…Meanwhile,thearguerassumes…tobeabetterchoice…because…Thisargumentisproblematicfor…reasons.自己应该干吗根据其他州的情况Inthisanalysis,th
4、earguerclaimsthat…should…Tosubstantiatetheconclusion,thearguercitestheexampleof…where…Inaddition,thearguerassumesthat…Thisargumentisunconvincingforseveralcriticalflaws. 正文部分 Themajorproblemwiththisargumentisthat…Anotherflawthatweakensthisargumentisthat.…Inaddition,thearguerignore
5、sseveralfactorsthatmightunderminetheargument.…thearguerfailstoconsiderseveralotherrelevantfactorsthatmightinfluence…Forinstance…since…what’smore…etc.样本的问题:Whensamplesareusedtomakegeneralclaimsaboutaparticulargroup,thesamplesshouldbecloseenoughintimetothegenerationtheyareusedtosupp
6、ort,sothathistoricalchangeswillnotinvalidatethegeneralization调查survey的问题:Thesampleofthesurveyconductedbythe…isvague.Butwearetoldnothingaboutthewaythepollwasconductedandhowwellitrepresentedthepublicopinions..(民意测验)Howmanypeopleparticipated?Thesampleofthesurveyisnotrepresentative.数据
7、的问题:(平均值)Thestudyrevealed,onaverage,onlyasmallstatisticalcorrelationbetween(实验的数据不可靠)thedataoftheresearchisunconvincing(样本太小)thesampleistoosmallto...(光数字没比例)theratiooffourtosixthereisonlyfiguresbutnoproportionofthesurvey还是ratio?InsufficientSampleIfthe[respondents]onlystandforatiny
8、proportionofthewhole[group],wesho