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1、英语国家概况ChapterIGeography,PeopleandLanguageContentI.Geography(BritishIsles,geographicalfeatures,climate)II.People(population,ancestors)III.TheEnglishLanguage(origin,development)GeographyBritishIsles(不列颠群岛）Position:northwestofEuropeanmainlandBritishIslesinclude
2、:1）theislandofGreatBritain2）theislandofIreland3）hundredsofsmallislandsGreatBritainandIrelandarethetwomainislandsoftheBritishIsles.BritishIslesGreatBritainIrelandEnglandScotlandWalesNorthernIreland(1/6ofIreland)SouthernIrelandtheU.K.hundredsofsmallislandstheR
3、epublicofIrelandGeographyFullnameofBritain:TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandShortforms:UK(UnitedKingdom)GreatBritainBritain(England)GeographyII.Location:locatedtothenorthwestofEurope.1.South:cutofffromthecontinentbytheEnglishChannel(英吉利海峡）Acro
4、sstheChannel,it’sFrance.TwocountriesarelinkedbytheChannelTunnelbeneaththeEnglishChannel.(Themaintunnelis50kmlong,andthetriptoFranceisonly35m.byEuroStar)Geography2.NorthandEast:NorthSea3West:theAtlanticOceanImportantPosition:Theshortestsearoutesfromthecountri
5、esofWesternEuropetoAmericanContinentlayacrosstheBritishIsles.TheshipsboundforAmericaoftenstopattheportsonthesouthcoastofEngland.London:importantcommercialcenterGeographyIII.Totalarea:242,910sq.km.Britainisanislandcountryfromsouthtonorth:morethan1,000km.frome
6、asttowest:500km.Coastline:12,429km.oneofthecountrieswiththelongestcoastlineInBritainnoplaceisover250kilometersawayfromthesea.GeographyTheUKisaconstitutionalmonarchycountry.NowtheHeadofStateisQueenElizabethII,Butherroleislargelyceremonial.Queen’sDiamondJubile
7、esElizabethGeographyThecountryisruledbyParliamentundertheleadershipofthePrimeMinister.(NowDavidCameron,2010,43yearsold)SamanthaGeographicalFeaturesThemaingeographicalfeature:northandwest:highlands(highlandzone)eastandsoutheast:lowland(lowlandzone)FourParts:E
8、ngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandGeographicalFeatures:EnglandEngland:1.Area:morethan130,410sq.km,(60%)ThelargestandthemostsoutherlyportionofBritain2.Population:about50million(83.8%)Themost
