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1、BruneiDarussalam文莱Capital:BandarSeriBegawanOfficialLanguage:MalayOfficialcurrency:BruneiDollarBruneiDarussalamissituatedonthenorthwestoftheislandofBorneo.Ithasatotalareaof5,765sqkmwithacoastlineofabout161kmalongtheSouthChinaSea.ItisboundedonthenorthbytheSouthChinaSeaandonall
2、theothersidesbyMalaysianStateofSarawak.Withanequatorialclimatecharacterizedbyauniformhightemperature,highhumidityandheavyrainfall,thereisnodistinctwetseasoninBruneiDarussalam.BruneiDarussalamisdividedintofourdistricts.BandarSeriBegawanisthecapitalofBruneiDarussalamwithanarea
3、ofabout16sqkm.Fromthe14thtothe16thcenturiesBruneiDarussalamwastheseatofapowerfulsultanateextendingitsauthorityoverSabah,SarawakandthelowerPhilippines,Thus,thecurrentSultanrepresentsoneoftheoldestcontinuouslyrulingdynastiesintheworld.Bythe19thcentury,theBruneiDarussalamEmpire
4、hahbeenwhittledawaybywars,piracyandthecolonialexpansionofEuropeanpowers.In1847,theSultanconcludedatreatywithGreatBritainandin1888BruneiDarussalamofficiallybecameaBritishprotectorate.The1959AgreementestablishedawrittenconstitutionthatgaveBruneiDarussalaminternalself-governmen
5、t.In1971,theagreementwasamendedandrevisedtoassertfullinternalindependenceexceptdefenseandexternalaffairs.OnJanuary1,1984BruneiDarussalamresumedfullindependence,andtheSultantookofficeasPrimeMinister,FinanceMinisterandHomeAffairsMinister,presidingoveracabinetofsix.InOctober198
6、6,thecabinetwasexpandedto11members,withHisMajestyrelinquishingtheportfoliosofFinanceandHomeAffairsandtakingovertheDefenseportfoliothathislatefatherhahheldsince1984.In1988,anotherreshufflebroughtabouttheelevationofthedeputyministertoafullministerandthecreationoftheMinistryofI
7、ndustryandPrimaryResourcesdesignedtoboostthecountry’sdevelopment.Brunei’sculturesmainlyderivedfromtheOldMalayWorld.Basedonhistoricalrecords,variousculturalelementsandforeigncivilizationshavehadahandininfluencingthecultureofthiscountry.Suchinfluencescanbereachedtofourdominati
8、ngperiodsofanimism,Hinduism,IslamandtheWest,respectively.However,itwasIslam
