国际贸易学(英)术语.doc

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1、国际贸易学（英）术语和理论Thesupplycurve(供给曲线)showsthelowestpossiblepriceatwhichsomeproducerwouldbewillingtosupplyeachunit.Therelativeprice（相对价格）----theratioofoneproductpricetoanotherproductprice.Anindifferencecurve(无差异曲线)showsthevariouscombinationsofconsumptionquantities（消费量）thatlea

2、dtothesamelevelofwell-beingorhappiness.TermofTrade(TOT贸易条件)Foreachcountry,thegainsfromtradedependonthecountry’sinternationaltermoftrade,whicharethepricethecountryreceivesfromforeignbuysforitsexportproducts,relativeto（相对于）thepricethatthecountrypaysforeignsellersforitsimpo

3、rtproducts.TheH-Otheorypredictsthatacountryexportstheproductsthatuseitsabundantfactors(充裕要素)intensivelyandimportstheproductsusingitsscarcefactors（稀缺要素）intensively.Acountryisrelativelylabor-abundant（劳动力充裕）ifithasahigherratiooflabortootherfactorsthandoestherestoftheworld.A

4、productisrelativelylabor-intensive（劳动力密集）iflaborcostsareagreatershareofitsvaluethantheyareofthevalueofotherproducts.H-OtheoryTradearisesfrom(来自)differencesintheavailabilityoffactorinputs（要素投入）indifferentcountriesanddifferencesintheproportions（比例）inwhichthesefactorsareuse

5、dinproducingdifferentproducts.lThereisexpansionintheexport-orientedsector出口导向行业(theoneusingthecountry’sabundantfactorintensivelyinproduction).lThereiscontractionintheimport-competingsector进口竞争行业(theoneusingthecountry’sscarcefactorintensively).lThechangesinproductionhaveo

6、nesetofeffectsonincomesintheshortrun,butanotherinthelongrun.TheStolper-Samuelsontheorem（斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理）5vItraisestherealreturntothefactorusedintensivelyintherising-priceindustry.vItlowerstherealreturntothefactorusedintensivelyinthefallingpriceindustry.Thefactor-priceequaliz

7、ationtheorem（要素价格均等化定理）§Thistheoremstatesthat,givencertainconditionsandassumptions,freetradeequalizesnotonlyproductpricesbutalsothepricesofindividualfactorsbetweenthetwocountries.§Laborers(ofthesameskilllevel)earnthesamewagerateinbothcountries.§Unitofland(ofcomparativequ

8、ality)earnthesamerentalreturninbothcountries.§Withnotrade,workersintheU.S.,thelabor-scarcecountry,earna