第十一章克隆与医学clone and medicine

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1、第十一章克隆与医学CloneandMedicine第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloning第二节克隆技术与原理principleandtechnology第三节动物克隆技术的应用前景ApplicationofCloning9/2/20211MedicalBiology第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloningwhatisCloningA“clone”isacopyofsomething.ComputersthatmimicIBMsarecalled“clones.”Ingenetics,acloneisageneticcopy

2、ofanotherorganism.Clonesoccurnaturally:Asexualbreedinginplants&loweranimalsIdenticaltwins(triplets)inhigheranimals9/2/20212MedicalBiology第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloningwhatisCloningClonesoccurnaturally9/2/20213MedicalBiologyCloningistomakeageneticallyidenticalorganismthroughnon-sexualmean

3、s.第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloningwhatisCloning9/2/20214MedicalBiology第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloningwhatisCloningNaturalnon-sexClonesoccurnaturallyinplantsandloweranimals:9/2/20215MedicalBiology第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloningwhatisCloningForcenturiesithasbeenknownthatsimpleanimals–wo

4、rms&starfish–canbeclonedbycuttingtheminhalf.Thisdoesn’tworkforhigheranimals!Partoftheproblemiscellspecialization:NerveBoneMuscle,etc.9/2/20216MedicalBiology第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloningCloninginthe20thCenturyWenowrealizethateachspecializedcellhasallthegeneticinformation,butmuchofitisturn

5、edoff.Problem–howtoresetthe“program”sothisinformationisusable?Cloningoffrogssuccessfulin1950sCloningoflivestockfromfetalcellsin1970s9/2/20217MedicalBiology第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloningDolly-1996ClonefromanadultsheepcellbyScotsresearchersunderIanWilmutHadonlyonesuccessin300tries.Dollygrew

6、tomaturity,andsuccessfullyhadalambbynaturalmeansin1998.ButDollyseemstobeprematurelyold.9/2/20218MedicalBiologyDolly19969/2/20219MedicalBiology第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloningCloningsinceDollyCloningofthissorthasnowbeendoneoncattle,pigsandmicealso.Thesuccessratehasimprovedconsiderably.Clonin

7、ghumansbeginstoshowupinsciencefictionin1970s.Thisisnowarealisticpossibility.9/2/202110MedicalBiology第一节克隆的概念及发展史ABriefHistoryofCloningCloningsinceDollyThesefemalepigsarealsocloned.2001.Fivegeneticallyidenticalclonedpigs.9/2/202111MedicalBiolo