资源描述：
《2陈文志英文翻译》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、TianjinUniversityofTechnologyandEducation二十一世纪的社会保障SOCIALSECURITYINTHE21STCENTURY专业：劳动月社会保障班级学号：0801–03学生姓名：陈文志指导教师：李宝梁教授二〇一二年六月英文资料SOCIALSECURITYINTHE21STCENTURYAbstract:Fromourperspectivein1996,itischallengingtoimaginewhattheworldwillbelikein2096.Fo
2、rexample,intheUnitedStatesin1896,almostnoonecouldhaveimaginedthatahundredyearshencein1996,lessthantwopercentofthelaborforcewouldbeemployedinagriculture.Ifsomeonehadmadesuchaprediction,heorshewouldhavebeenridiculedaswildlyimaginativeandunrealistic.This
3、exampleisusefulbecauseitseemsquitepossiblethat,by2096,lessthantwopercentoftheUSlaborforcewillbeemployedinindustrialproduction--andthesamemaybetrueforMexicoandeveryothercountryaswell.KeyWords:socialsecuritychallenginglaborforceACREATIONOFINDUSTRIALISML
4、ookingback,theindustrialerahasbeena"mass"era.Wehaveassumedthatamasssocietycanbesustainedinlowskillemploymentthatisessentiallystableoverthelongterm.Atthehouseholdlevel,theassumptionisthatmostpeoplewillhavealong-termjob,andsocialsecuritypolicywill,asnec
5、essary,supplementtheincomefromthisjob.Thechoiceofsocialinsuranceasthedominantsocialsecuritypolicyinthetwentiethcenturyisderivedfromcertainassumptionsandperspectivesconcerningindustrialismandlowskillmassproduction:•Economiesandlabormarketsareessentiall
6、yclosedandtiedtonationstates.Thereforeitmakessensetothinkexclusivelyintermsofnationalsocialpoliciesthatserveanation’spopulation.•Socialandeconomicissuesareandshouldbealmostcompletelyseparate.Indeed,thetwoareviewedasconflictingbecauseresourcesaredrawna
7、wayfromproductionforindividualandhouseholdconsumption.•Thereisapreoccupationwithmassproblemsanddeficiencies,or"needs."Thesemassneedsareaddressedviacategoricalprograms,whicharecentralizedandoperateasbureaucraticorganizations.Bureaucracyisalsoareationof
8、theindustrialera.•Thenon-employedrequireonlyincomesupportwhentheyarenotearninglaborincome.Inthisregard,unemploymentinsuranceistheepitomeofindustrial-erasocialsecuritythinking:itprovidesincomesupportwithlittleemphasisonretrainingfornewemploymen
