electronic commerce

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1、Electroniccommerce,commonlyknownase-commerce,consistsofthebuyingandsellingofproductsorservicesoverelectronicsystemssuchastheInternetandothercomputernetworks.TheamountoftradeconductedelectronicallyhasgrownextraordinarilysincethespreadoftheInternet.Awidevarietyofcommerceisconductedinthiswa

2、y,spurringanddrawingoninnovationsinelectronicfundstransfer,supplychainmanagement,Internetmarketing,onlinetransactionprocessing,electronicdatainterchange(EDI),inventorymanagementsystems,andautomateddatacollectionsystems.ModernelectroniccommercetypicallyusestheWorldWideWebatleastatsomepoin

3、tinthetransaction'slifecycle,althoughitcanencompassawiderrangeoftechnologiessuchase-mailaswell.Alargepercentageofelectroniccommerceisconductedentirelyelectronicallyforvirtualitemssuchasaccesstopremiumcontentonawebsite,butmostelectroniccommerceinvolvesthetransportationofphysicalitemsinsom

4、eway.Onlineretailersaresometimesknownase-tailersandonlineretailissometimesknownase-tail.AlmostallbigretailershaveelectroniccommercepresenceontheWorldWideWeb.ElectroniccommercethatisconductedbetweenbusinessesisreferredtoasBusiness-to-businessorB2B.B2Bcanbeopentoallinterestedparties(e.g.co

5、mmodityexchange)orlimitedtospecific,pre-qualifiedparticipants(privateelectronicmarket).Electroniccommerceisgenerallyconsideredtobethesalesaspectofe-business.Italsoconsistsoftheexchangeofdatatofacilitatethefinancingandpaymentaspectsofthebusinesstransactions.HistoryEarlydevelopmentThemeani

6、ngofelectroniccommercehaschangedoverthelast30years.Originally,electroniccommercemeantthefacilitationofcommercialtransactionselectronically,usingtechnologysuchasElectronicDataInterchange(EDI)andElectronicFundsTransfer(EFT).Thesewerebothintroducedinthelate1970s,allowingbusinessestosendcomm

7、ercialdocumentslikepurchaseordersorinvoiceselectronically.Thegrowthandacceptanceofcreditcards,automatedtellermachines(ATM)andtelephonebankinginthe1980swerealsoformsofelectroniccommerce.Fromthe1990sonwards,electroniccommercewouldadditionallyincludeenterpriseresourceplannin