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1、英语单词词性转换的基本规律.动词(v.)→名词(n.)(a)词形不变,词性改变例如:work,study,water,plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词例如:work—worker,teach—teacher,sing—singer,jump—jumper,play—player,learn—learner,visit—visitor,invent—inventor,collect—collec
2、tor等.注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例如:drive—driver,write—writer等.2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er例如：run—runner,win—winner,begin—beginner等.(c)在动词词尾加上-ment变成名词例如:achieve—achievement(成就)advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)agree—agreementdisgree—disagreementam
3、use—amusement(娱乐)improve—improvement(争吵)commit(奉献)—commitmentdevelop—development(发展)depart—department(局,部)govern(统治)—government(政府)manage—management(管理)equip—equipment(装备)有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment.例如:argue—argument(争论)(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如:attract—attracti
4、on;instruct—instruction;invent—inventiondiscuss—discussion;express—expressioneducate—education;graduate—graduation;operate—operation(去e再加"ion")compete—competition;organize—organization(把e改成其他字母再加"tion")decide—decisionconclude—conclusion(把de改为s再加"ion")describe—desc
5、ription描写,描绘(这是特例,不规则变化)(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如:appear—appearance(外貌;出现)perform—performance(演出)accept—acceptance(接受)(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:meet—meetingbuild—buildingwait—waitingbathe—bathingsay—saying(谚语)mean—meaningend—endingtrain—trainingwash—washin
6、g注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing如:swim—swimmingshop—shoppingbegin—beginning(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化例如:Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐)behave(行为举止)—behaviorknow(知道)—knowledge(知识)fly—flight(飞行)heat(加热)—heat(热量)hit(撞击)—hit(轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)mix(混合)—mixture(混合物)press(按,压)—pressure(压力)
7、sit(坐)—seat(座位)succeed—success(成功)tour—tour(旅游)/tourist(游客)2.动词(v.)→形容词(adj.)(a)动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.例如:afford－affordable；love－lovable(b)动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点.例如:scatter－scattereduse－used(c)不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b).3.名词(n.)→形
8、容词(adj.)(a)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)例如:rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy,wind—windy,snow—snowy,health—healthy,luck—lucky,anger—angryguilt—guilty(内疚的)tourist—
