motivationaltheories，动机理论accap3基础资料

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1、Contentsofthispageinclude:·Maslow·Hertzberg·EltonMayo·Handy·McgregortheoryXandY·OuchitheoryZ·LeanandmassproductionMaslow’shierarchyofneeds:Maslowshowedhowanindividual’semphasisonneedsmovedfrombasictothehigherneeds.Theneedsatthebottommustbesatisfiedtomoveatthehigherones.Needsdonothavetobeco

2、mpletelysatisfiedbeforehigherneedsemerge,asufficientlevelofsatisfactionisacceptableasopposedtothemaximumoroptimumlevel.Maslow’stheorymaybesummarizedandsimplifiedbysayingthateveryonewantscertainthingsthroughoutlife,andthesethingscanbeplacedinfiveascendingcategoriesnamely:Basicorphysiologica

3、lneeds:thethingsneededtostayalive:food,shelterandclothing.Suchneedscanbesatisfiedbymoney.Safetyorsecurityneeds:peoplewantprotectionagainst,unemployment,retirementaswellasbeingsafeguardedagainstunfairtreatment.Theseneedscanbesatisfiedbytherulesofemploymenti.epensionscheme,sickfund,employmen

4、tlegislation.Socialneeds:thevastmajorityofpeoplewanttobepartofagroupanditisonlythroughgroupactivitythatthisneedcanbesatisfied.Thusitisuptotheorganizationtomaketheemployeefeelpartofagroup.EgoorEsteemneeds:e.g.canincludeemployeebeingaskedtoleadagroupinaproject.Thisenablestheemployeetothinkwe

5、llofhimselfandinhisabilities.Thiscanbesatisfiedifthesayorsuggestionoftheemployeeistakenintoaccountand/orheisaskedtoleadorbepartofanimportanttask.Self-actualizationorself-fulfillmentneeds:thisisquitetheneedtoachievesomethingworthwhileinlife.Itisaneedthatissatisfiedonlybycontinuingsuccess,fo

6、rexampleopeningandrunninganewoffice.EVALUATIONOFMASLOW:Thesignificanceofmaslow’shierarchyofneedsisthatifunderlinestherelativeimportanceofmoney.Statusgiveslittlesatisfactiontoapersondesperateforfoodandshelter.Ontheotherhanditdemonstratesthatmoneyaloneisnotenough,andindeedasbasicneedsaresati

7、sfiedpeoplearelikelytoconcentratetheirattentionsonsocialandegoneeds.Herzberg’stheoryofmotivation:Herzbergattemptedtofindoutwhatmotivatedpeopleatwork.Hedevelopedthetwo-factortheorythatwasbasedontheideathatmotivationisbasedontwoneeds,namelyhygienefactorsandmotiv