《柴油外文翻译》word版

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1、大连交通大学2008届本科毕业设计外文翻译外文原文TheDieselEngineIn1892RudolfDieseldevelopedandobtainedtheGermanpatentforthedieselengine.Hisgoalwastocreateanenginethatwashighlyefficient.Muchmoreefficientthanthegasolineenginethatwasinventedin1876andwasnotveryefficientatall,especiallyat

2、thatpointintime.Therearetwomaindifferencesbetweenadieselengineandagasolineengine:(1)Agasolineengineintakesamixtureofgasandair,compressesitandignitesthemixturewithaspark.Adieselenginetakesinjustair,compressesitandtheninjectsfuelintothecompressedair.Theheatofthe

3、compressedairlightsthefuelspontaneously.(2)Agasolineenginecompressesataratioof8:1to12:1,whileadieselenginecompressesataratioof14:1toashighas25:1.Thehighercompressionratioofthedieselengineleadstobetterefficiency.Gasolineenginesuseeitheracarburetororafuelinjecti

4、onsystemtodeliverthefueltothecylinder.Withacarburetorthefuelismixedasitenterstheintakemanifold,longbeforeitgetstothecylinders.Inafuelinjectionsystemthefuelisinjectedjustbeforetheintakestrokeattheintakevalve.Dieselenginesusedirectfuelinjection(DI),thatistosayth

5、edieselfuelisinjecteddirectlyintothecylinder.Thedieselenginehasnosparkplugs.Theairittakesiniscompressedandthefuelisinjecteddirectlyintothecylinderwheretheheatcausedbytheaircompressionignitesthefuel.Intheolddaysthismeantthatitexplodedandexpandedveryquickly,maki

6、nganoisyengine.ThisiswhymostdieselcarswereIDI(indirectinjection);theroughbehaviorwasfixedbyinjectingthefuelintoasmallpre-combustionchamberthatisconnectedtothecylinderbyanarrowpassage.Thisslowsdowntheexplosion,asthegasseshavetoescapefromthroughthenarrowpassagei

7、ntothecylinder.Thisgivesasofterbangandasmootherengine,butthegasseshavetoworkharder,whichlowerstheefficiencyalittle.HoweverthenewerbreedofDIenginesuseothertechniquestotamethebehavioroftheengine,suchastwostageinjection,electroniccontrol.Theinjectoronadieselengin

8、eisitsmostcomplexcomponentandhasbeenthesubjectofagreatdealofdevelopmentandinnovation.Onanyspecificengineitmaybelocatedinavarietyofplaces.Theinjectorhastobeabletowithstandthetempera