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1、SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772-1834),Englishlyricalpoet,critic,andphilosopher,whoseLyricalBallads,(1798)writtenwithWilliamWordsworth,startedtheEnglishRomanticmovement.SamuelTaylorColeridgewasborninOtteryStMary,Devonshire,astheyoungestsonofthevicarofOtteryStMary.Afterhis
2、father'sdeathColeridgewassentawaytoChrist'sHospitalSchoolinLondon.HealsostudiedatJesusCollege.InCambridgeColeridgemettheradical,futurepoetlaureateRobertSouthey.HemovedwithSoutheytoBristoltoestablishacommunity,buttheplanfailed.In1795hemarriedthesisterofSouthey'sfianc
3、éeSaraFricker,whomhedidnotreallylove.Coleridge'scollectionPoemsOnVariousSubjectswaspublishedin1796,andin1797appearedPoems.Inthesameyearhebeganthepublicationofashort-livedliberalpoliticalperiodicalTheWatchman.HestartedaclosefriendshipwithDorothyandWilliamWordsworth,o
4、neofthemostfruitfulcreativerelationshipsinEnglishliterature.FromitresultedLyricalBallads,whichopenedwithColeridge's"RimeoftheAncientMariner"andendedwithWordsworth's"TinternAbbey".Thesepoemssetanewstylebyusingeverydaylanguageandfreshwaysoflookingatnature.ThebrothersJ
5、osiahandThomasWedgewoodgrantedColeridgeanannuityof150pounds,thusenablinghimtopursuehisliterarycareer.DisenchantedwithpoliticaldevelopmentsinFrance,ColeridgevisitedGermanyin1798-99withDorothyandWilliamWordsworth,andbecameinterestedintheworksofImmanuelKant.Hestudiedph
6、ilosophyatGöttingenUniversityandmasteredtheGermanlanguage.Attheendof1799ColeridgefellinlovewithSaraHutchinson,thesisterofWordsworth'sfuturewife,towhomhedevotedhiswork"Dejection:AnOde"(1802).DuringtheseyearsColeridgealsobegantocompilehisNotebooks,recordingthedailymed
7、itationsofhislife.In1809-10hewroteandeditedwithSaraHutchinsontheliteraryandpoliticalmagazineTheFriend.From1808to1818hegaveseverallectures,chieflyinLondon,andwasconsideredthegreatestofShakespeareancritics.In1810Coleridge'sfriendshipwithWordsworthcametoacrisis,andthet
8、wopoetsneverfullyreturnedtotherelationshiptheyhadearlier.Sufferingfromneuralgicandrheumaticpains,Coleridgehadbecomeaddictedtoopium.Duringt
