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1、TheVicissitudeofSupermanBeliefsinJackLondon’sNovelsAbstract:JackLondon,whoselifesymbolizedthepowerofwill,wasthemostsuccessfulwriterinAmericaintheearly20thCentury.Hisvigorousstoriesofmenandanimalsagainsttheenvironment,andsurvivalagainsthardshipsweredrawnmainlyfromhisownexperience,thereappe
2、arsmanyheroeslikeBuckinhisbooks,peoplethinkthathewasdeeplyaffectedbyNietzsche’sPhilosophyofSuperman,hissupermanexistinmostofhisbooks,andpraiseforitagainandagain.Butitisnotthetrue,readhisworkscarefully,it’seasytofindthatthereisavicissitude,hisearlierworkspraiseforsuperman,butlatter,hechang
3、ehisattitudetowardshissuperman.Thispaper,therefore,triestoanalyzethevicissitudeofthesupermanbeliefs,andtrytofindoutthereasonsthatmakehimchangehisattitude.Keywords:PhilosophyofSuperman;tragedyofsuperman;comedyofsuperman;finaldespair杰克•伦敦作品中超人理念的变迁研究摘要:.杰克・伦敦,是意志力量的象征,他是20世纪初期美国最成功的作家。在他充满活
4、力的作品中,常常会出现与恶劣的环境做斗争,面对生存的艰难不退缩的角色,这一切的素材和构想都主要是来自于自己的经验,作品中出现许多象巴克这样的英雄角色。人们认为伦敦深受尼采的超人哲学的影响,他的大多数的著作里都会出现他的超人,他不停地,反复地称赞超人,完全沉迷于他的超人理念当中。但实际上并非如此,仔细地读过他的作品,很容易发现伦敦的作品里出现对超人理念的质疑,他早期的作品里是有称赞超人,但后来,随着生活的变化,他改变他的对于超人理念的态度。本文设法分析伦敦对超人理念的变迁,并设法发现使他改变态度的原因。关键词:超人哲学;超人悲剧;超人喜剧;最终绝望17Contents1.J
5、ackLondon’slifeandhisworks……………………………………...12.PhilosophyofSuperman………………………………………………...22.1Nietzsche’sphilosophyofSuperman…………………………………...22.2London’sPhilosophyofSuperman…………………………………….23.ThesuperdoginTheCalloftheWild...................................................43.1ThedescriptionofB
6、uck—asymboltosinghighpraiseofthesuperman……………………………………………………………...43.2Thecomedyofsuperman……………………………………….............74.TheSeaWolf—acompromiseofthenotionofsuperman...............84.1DescriptionofWolfLarsen……………………………………………...94.2DescriptionofVanWeyden……………………………………………...105.MartinEden—tow
7、ardsthefinaldespairofsupermanphilosophy5.1TheDescriptionofMartinEden………………………………................125.2Tragedyofsuperman……………………………………………………...126.Conculsion…………………………………………………………..............15Referencs……………………………………………………………………….16Acknowledgements………………………………………………