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ID:23580747
大小:1.08 MB
页数:86页
时间:2018-11-09
《雅思阅读强化--讲义》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、~雅思阅读强化讲义(在编)IELTSReadingPre-testPassage1Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.ZuluBeadworkTheSouthAfricanprovinceofKwaZulu-Natal,morecommonlyreferredtoastheZuluKingdom,isnamedaftertheZulupeoplewhohaveinhabitedtheareasincethelate1400s.KwaZulutranslatestomean"PlaceofHeaven.""Natal"wasthename
2、thePortugueseexplorersgavethisregionwhentheyarrivedin1497.Atthattime,onlyafewZuluclansoccupiedthearea.Bythelate1700s,theAmaZuluclan,meaning"PeopleofHeaven,"constitutedasignificantnation.TodaytheZuluclanrepresentsthelargestethnicgroupinSouthAfrica,withatleast11millionpeopleinthekingdom.The
3、Zulupeopleareknownaroundtheworldfortheirelaborateglassbeadwork,whichtheywearnotonlyintheirtraditionalcostumesbutaspartoftheireverydayapparel.ItispossibletolearnmuchaboutthecultureoftheZuluclanthroughtheirbeadwork.TheglassbeadtradeintheprovinceofKwaZulu-Natalisbelievedtobeafairlyrecentindu
4、stry.In1824,anEnglishmannamedHenryFrancisFynnbroughtglassbeadstotheregiontoselltotheAfricanpeople.ThoughtheBritisharenotconsideredthefirsttointroduceglassbeads,theywereamainsourcethroughwhichtheZulupeoplecouldaccessthemerchandisetheyneeded.GlassbeadshadalreadybeenmanufacturedbytheEgyptian
5、scenturiesearlieraroundthesametimewhenglasswasdiscovered.SomeresearchpointstotheideathatEgyptianstriedtofoolSouthAfricanswithglassbypassingitoffasjewelssimilarinvaluetogoldorivory.PhoenicianmarinersbroughtcargoesofthesebeadstoAfricaalongwithotherwares.BeforetheEuropeansarrived,manyArabtra
6、dersbroughtglassbeadsdowntothesoutherncountriesviacamelback.Duringcolonization',theEuropeansfacilitatedandmonopolizedtheglassbeadmarket,andtheZulunationbecameevenmorecloselytiedtothisartform.TheZulupeoplewerenotfooledintobelievingthatglassbeadswerepreciousstonesbut,rather,usedthebeadstoes
7、tablishcertaincodesandritualsintheirsociety.IntheAfricantradition,kingswereknowntowearbeadedregaliasoheavythattheyrequiredthehelpofattendantstogetoutoftheirthrones.Zulubeadworkisinvolvedineveryrealmofsociety,fromreligionandpoliticstofamilyandmarriage.AmongtheZuluwom
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