PID控制器-外文翻译

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1、PIDcontrollerAproportional–integral–derivativecontroller(PIDcontroller)isageneric.controlloopfeedbackmechanismwidelyusedinindustrialcontrolsystems.APIDcontrollerattemptstocorrecttheerrorbetweenameasuredprocessvariableandadesiredsetpointbycalculatinga

2、ndthenoutputtingacorrectiveactionthatcanadjusttheprocessaccordingly.ThePIDcontrollercalculation(algorithm)involvesthreeseparateparameters;theProportional,theIntegralandDerivativevalues.TheProportionalvaluedeterminesthereactiontothecurrenterror,theInt

3、egraldeterminesthereactionbasedonthesumofrecenterrorsandtheDerivativedeterminesthereactiontotherateatwhichtheerrorhasbeenchanging.Theweightedsumofthesethreeactionsisusedtoadjusttheprocessviaacontrolelementsuchasthepositionofacontrolvalveorthepowersup

4、plyofaheatingelement.By"tuning"thethreeconstantsinthePIDcontrolleralgorithmthePIDcanprovidecontrolactiondesignedforspecificprocessrequirements.Theresponseofthecontrollercanbedescribedintermsoftheresponsivenessofthecontrollertoanerror,thedegreetowhich

5、thecontrollerovershootsthesetpointandthedegreeofsystemoscillation.NotethattheuseofthePIDalgorithmforcontroldoesnotguaranteeoptimalcontrolofthesystemorsystemstability.Someapplicationsmayrequireusingonlyoneortwomodestoprovidetheappropriatesystemcontrol

6、.Thisisachievedbysettingthegainofundesiredcontroloutputstozero.APIDcontrollerwillbecalledaPI,PD,PorIcontrollerintheabsenceoftherespectivecontrolactions.PIcontrollersareparticularlycommon,sincederivativeactionisverysensitivetomeasurementnoise,andtheab

7、senceofanintegralvaluemaypreventthesystemfromreachingitstargetvalueduetothecontrolaction.Note:Duetothediversityofthefieldofcontroltheoryandapplication,manynamingconventionsfortherelevantvariablesareincommonuse.1.ControlloopbasicsAfamiliarexampleofaco

8、ntrolloopistheactiontakentokeepone'sshowerwaterattheidealtemperature,whichtypicallyinvolvesthemixingoftwoprocessstreams,coldandhotwater.Thepersonfeelsthewatertoestimateitstemperature.Basedonthismeasurementtheyperformacontrolaction:usethecoldwatertapt