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1、宁波工程学院毕业设计（论文）—外文翻译外文原文1：IncentivesandAwardProcedures:CompetitiveTenderingvs.NegotiationsinProcurementStevenTadelisPatrickBajariUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleyUniversityofMichiganHaasSchoolofBusinessDepartmentofEconomicsJanuary,2006AbstractShouldthebuyerofacustomizedgoodus
2、ecompetitivebiddingornegotiationtoselectacontractor?Toshedlightonthisquestion,weaframeworkthatfirstdescribesthebuyer’schoiceofcontracts,andthenlinksthischoicetotheselectionofcompetitivetenderingornegotiations.Theanalysissuggestsanumberofpossiblelimitationstotheuseofcompeti
3、tivetendering.Thesemayperformpoorlywhenprojectsarecomplex,contractualdesignisincompleteandtherearefewavailablebidders.Furthermore,competitivetenderingmaystiflecommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellers,preventingthebuyerfromutilizingthecontractor’sexpertisewhendesigningtheprojec
4、t.Implicationsoftheseresultsforprocurementintheprivateandpublicsectorarediscussed.1IntroductionManufacturedgoods,suchascomputers,TVsandautomobilesaremassproduced,havestandardizedcharacteristicsandaretypicallypurchasedatlistprice.Othergoods,suchasnewbuildings,fighterjets,c
5、ustomsoftwareorconsultingservicesaretailoredtofitaprocurer’sspecificandoftenuniqueneeds.Toprocurethesecustomizedgoods,theprocurerhiresacontractorwhosuppliesthegoodaccordingtoasetofdesiredspecifications.Wecallthistheprocurementproblem.Theprocurementproblemhasattractedmuchat
6、tentionbothinpolicyandinacademiccircles.Themainfocusofacademiceconomistshasbeenonprocurementbythepublicsector,inpartbecauseofitssheerimportancetotheeconomy.For23宁波工程学院毕业设计（论文）—外文翻译example,procurementbyfederal,stateandlocalgovernmentaccountsformorethan10percentofGrossDomes
7、ticProductintheUnitedStates.Manyprivatesectortransactionsarealsogovernedbyprocurementcontracts.Prominentexamplesincludeelectronicscomponents,customsoftware,automobileproduction,andbuildingconstruction.Whenconsideringtheprocurementofgoodsandservices,theprocurerisfacedwithm
8、anychallenges.First,shehastochoosewhatexactlyshouldbeprocured,andhowtotransmitherneedstothepoten
