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1、67OrganizationalCultureMartinetalOrganizationalCulture:BeyondStrugglesforIntellectualDominance*JoanneMartinStanfordUniversity,PeterJ.FrostUniversityofBritishColumbia,andOliviaA.O'NeillStanfordUniversityAugust,2004ToappearinS.Clegg,C.Hardy,W.Nord,andT.Lawrence,(Eds.),Hand
2、bookofOrganizationStudies,Secondedition,London:SagePublications,forthcoming.*WewishtoexpressourthankstoCynthiaHardy,MatsAlvesson,andLindaPutnam.Allthreegaveusthekindofconstructive,appreciativecritiquethatcouldserveasthenormfordiscourseinamorecollaborativeintellectualenvi
3、ronment.67OrganizationalCultureMartinetalOrganizationalCultureWarGames:BeyondStrugglesforIntellectualDominanceJoanneMartin,PeterFrost,andOliviaA.O'NeillThisreviewisnotstructuredintheusualway--adeparturefromtraditionthatmeritsanexplanation.Literaturereviewsgenerallyhaveal
4、inear,oftenchronologicalstructure,withattentionto"whowasfirst?"Thetoneisapparentlyobjectiveanddecisivelyauthoritative:"thisstudydemonstratedthat…"Thegoalistopresenttheobjectivetruthaboutwhatwe'velearned.Theresultisanenlightenmenttaleofcumulativeprogress,asone"original"co
5、ntributionafteranotherbuildsadeeperandbroaderunderstandingthanwasavailablebefore.Inatraditionallystructuredreview,intellectualdifferencesofopinionareusuallyhandledwithindirectionandtact,anapproachthathelpsscholarsco-existinaclose-knitfieldwhilecontinuingtohavecordialinte
6、llectualexchanges.Mostoften,anauthorfocusespredominantlyononepointofview,relegatingcompetingperspectivestobriefsummariesorthemarginsofatext(forexample,inaparentheticalaside,aseparatechapterinabook,orafootnote)orsimplynotcitingthematall.Thispopularstrategypermitsfullexplo
7、rationanddelineationofafavoredpointofview,whilenotcreatinganeedtocriticize,orevendrawattentionto,conflictingperspectives.Whethersilence,marginalization,ortactfulunderstatementisused,thesecommonlyutilizedstrategiesmaskintellectualdisagreements.Thereaderisforcedtoattendtos
8、ilencesand“readbetweenthelines”ofwhatispublishedinordertodecipherwhatfundamentalissuesaredisputed.Inthe
