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1、尼日尔州与海南省水稻生产比较研究-->CHAPTERONEIntroduction1.1BackgroundTheNigerianEconomyhasgonethroughmanyyearsofvicissitudeespeciallyonheragriculturalsector.Asat2012,thetotalcontributionofagriculturalsectortoGDPatedtoabout33.1%:and89.2%ofthisshareisoiagsinatedbythepetroleu
2、msector)generatingabout95%offoreignexchangeearningsandover80%budgetaryrevenue.Nigeriaisconfrontedytolesserdependenceontheoilsector.China'sdevelopmentintheagriculturalsectorhasbeenahugeischaracterizedtohavealonghistoryofdevelopmentintechnologiesassociatedent,
3、fertilizer,sofriceproduction,bothinquantitiesandvalue，ChinaranksfirstintheostdevelopingcountriesespeciallyinAsiaandnoicimportanceofrice，itisalsousedforthatching,industrialstarch,andartyTheimportanceofricetothephasized,foodsecurity-ingregionsintheinsandsomemi
4、neralsmostespeciallyinNigeria(thelargestriceconsumerinAfrica).Nigeriahaveadiversifiedagro-ecologicalproductionsystemsajorincludingmaize，millet,sorghum,rice,cassava,yam,cocoyam,songergedasthefastestgroedbyfeeeaybedefinedasaneconomicprocessthatusesresourc-->es
5、tocreatemodities/goodsthatissuitableforexchange.Theseeconomicprocessescouldincludemanufacturing,storing,shipping,packagingetc(CobbandDouglas1928;Metcalfeet'al2003).Someeconomists(VenezianiandYoshihara,2011;Mundlak1961;Humphrey1997)defineproductionbroadlyasal
6、leconomicormanagerialactivitiesotherthanconsumption.Theyseeeverymercialactivityotherthanthefinalpurchaseassomeformofproduction.Anefficientproductionaximumoutputeasurestolimitingtheseeasurementofthevolumeofoutputistheattempttomeasurethechangesintheamountofinp
7、utsusetoachievetheoutputandtodeterminetherelationshipsthatexistbetportanttoolofeconomicanalysisintheneoclassicaltradition(Mishra2007)tomeasureproductionvariables.T;technicalefficiencyandallocativeefficiency(Libensteinet'aL,1988).Oneoftheassumptionsofproducti
8、onfunctionisthattheproblemoftechnicalefficiencyhasalreadybeenresolvedthusanalysisconcentratesontheproblemsofallocativeefficiency.AccordingtoMishra(2007),theaboveisthereasonforthedefinitionofprod
