微观经济学英文版

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1、MicroeconomicsYanYANChapter1:TheFundamentalsofEconomics（A.Introduction）Youwanttobuyaclockinthegrocerynearthecampus.Thepriceis$20.Afriendtellsyouthatitis$10inthesupermarketindowntown.Wouldyoubuytheclockinthesupermarket？Youwanttobuyacomputerwhichis$2510.whileitis$2500inth

2、esupermarketindowntown.Whereveryoubuythecomputer,itwouldreturntotheproducerifthereisanyproblem.Wherewouldyoubuyit？Chapter1:TheFundamentalsofEconomics（A.Introduction）1.1ScarcityandEfficiencyWhatiseconomics?Economicsisthestudyofhowsocietiesusescarceresourcestoproducevalua

3、blecommoditiesanddistributethemamongdifferentpeople.Whatisefficiency?Efficiencydenotesthemosteffectiveuseofasociety’sresourceinsatisfyingpeople’swantsandneeds.Ineconomics,wesaythataneconomyisproducingefficientlywhenitcannotmakeanyoneeconomicallybetteroffwithoutmakingsom

4、eoneelseworseoff.Chapter1:TheFundamentalsofEconomics（A.Introduction）1.2MicroeconomicsandMacroeconomicsWhatisMicroeconomics?Itisconcernedwiththebehaviorofindividualentitiessuchasmarkets,firmsandhouseholds.Founder:Adamsmith,WhatisMacroeconomics?Itiscon

5、cernedwiththeoverallperformanceoftheeconomy.Funder:JohnMaynard,Chapter1:TheFundamentalsofEconomics（A.Introduction）1.3ThelogicofeconomicsTheposthocfallacyItinvolvestheinferenceofcausality.Itoccurswhenweassumethat,becauseoneeventoccursanothereve

6、nt,thefirsteventcausedthesecondevent.广东省的人口死亡率为5.4‰，是全国最低的省份，由此我们就推定生活在广东一定有利于身体健康。FailuretoholdotherthingsconstantItreferstothefailuretoholdotherthingsconstantwhenthinkingaboutanissue.税率对收入的影响FallacyofcompositionWhenyouassumethatwhatistrueforthepartisalsotrueforthewhol

7、e,youarecommittingthefallacyofcomposition.一个农场主丰收VS.所有农场主都丰收Chapter1:TheFundamentalsofEconomics(B.TheThreeproblemsofeconomicorganization)Therearethreeproblemsofeconomicorganization:Whatcommoditiesareproducedandinwhatquantities?Howaregoodsproduced?Forwhomaregoodsproduce

8、d?Therearethreetypesofeconomies:MarketeconomyCommandeconomyMixedeconomyChapter1:TheFundamentalsofEconomics(C.