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1、句子成分掌握句子成分,把握句子脉络,有助于理解句子意思.见到英语句子应当首先抓住句子的主要成分,即:主语部分和谓语部分.先搞清句子所要陈述的对象(谁或什么),干(做)什么,然后在去找修饰成分或说明成分.句子所要陈述的对象(谁或什么)是主语;干(做)是谓语;谓语的承受者是宾语.修饰主语和宾语的成分是定语;修饰谓语、形容词或副词的成分是状语;系动词之后的成分是表语.例如:TheChineseworkersarebuildingatallbuildingneartheschool.Thesedeliciousfoodtastesgo
2、od.定语主语谓语定语宾语状语定语定语主语谓语表语第一节主语主语是句子所要陈述的对象.它是一句话的“头”,它回答“谁”“什么”的问题.作主语的主要是名词和代词,其次还有数词,动名词,不定式,从句等.例如:Youarewantedonthephone.2)Maryisthecleverestofthetree.3)----Whatmakesyousoupset.-----Losingthewallet.4)It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.5)Toseeistobelieve.6)Whetherhecom
3、esornotdoesn'tmatter.7)It'simportantforyoutofinishthistask.(代词作主语)(名词作主语)(疑问词作主语)(动名词作主语)(动名词作主语)(不定式作主语)(从句作主语)(不定式作主语)主语一般情况下放在句首,只有在疑问句或倒装句中后移.练习题I.找出下列句中的主语并说出是有什么来充当的1.Wewrotealetterofthankstowhoeverhadhelpedus.2.Whetheryoudon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.3.Theyl
4、iveonabusystreet.Itmustbeverynoisy.4.Therearesomeboysandgirlsontheplayground.5.Tosayitiseasierthantodoit.(代词)(主语从句)(代词)(代词)(名词)(不定式短语)6.Itispossibletoflytothemoonbyspaceship.7.Mybrothergavemetwobooks.Thefirstwasanovel.8.Skatingisgoodexercise.9.Thewoundedhavealreadyb
5、eensenttothehospital.10.Howtodoitwellisanimportantquestion.不定式短语(名词);(数词)(动名词)(形容词)(带疑问词的不定式短语)II.用正确的词性填空_______(fight)brokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.2.__________(complete)thebuildingintwomonthswillbeagreatachievement.3._______(succeed)or_______(fail)dependsont
6、hesupportofthemasses.4.Whathas_________(happen)provesthatourpolicyisright.5._____(its)happenedthatIwasn'ttherethatday.FightingTocompleteSuccessfailurehappenedIt第二节谓语谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作.谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化,随着时间的不同而变化,随着与主语的不同关系(主动关系和被动关系)而变化,总之,时时在变.谓语有三种不同的形式:1)动词Theyplante
7、dmanytreesonthehill.2)情态动词+动词Youmuststayathome.3)系动词+表语Thereportisveryinteresting.掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化:1)人称和数的变化如:Iworkinaforeigncountry.Heworksinaforeigncountry.2)时态变化如:Iusuallygetupatsix.(一般现在时)Iamgettingupnow.(现在进行时)Igotupatfiveyesterday.(一般过去时)Iwillgetupatseventomorrow
8、.(一般将来时)Ihavealreadygotup.(现在完成时)Iwasgettingupwhenhecamein.(过去进行时)Ihadgotupwhenhecametomyhouse.(过去完成时)ItoldmymotherthatIwouldgetup.(过去将来时)
