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1、ENDURANCE—VoyageoftheJamesCaird(April24-May10,1916)LaunchingtheCaird"Asweweregettingherofthebeachaheavysurfcameup&owingtousbeingunabletogetherupofthebeachshealmostcapsizedasitwassheemptiedMyself&Vincentoverboard."(McNish,diary)TheVoyage:April1916,Sha
2、ckletonandthefivestrongestsailors-Worsely,Crean,McNish,McCarthy,andVincentsetsailinthe22-½footlifeboat,theJamesCaird,fromElephantIsland.Knowingthattheriskswereextreme,theysetouttocross800milesoftheroughestseasonearthinordertoreachthewhalingstationson
3、theEastsideofSouthGeorgiaIsland.Theirnavigationalequipmentconsistedonlyofasextantandcompass.Giventhattheskieswereperpetuallygrayandovercast,theirchanceofaclearandaccuratecelestialsighting,inordertoplottheirposition,wasslim.Accuracyhowever,forthisjour
4、neywascritical.Iftheywereoffwiththeircalculationsbytheslightestamount,thiscouldtranslateintoanerrorofmanymiles.ThiskindoferrorwouldhavethemmissingSouthGeorgiaentirelyandheadingoutintotheopenocean.Inthesmallboat,whichpitchedandrolledintheheavyseas,Wor
5、selywasheldsteadybytwoshipmateswhilehesightedthesunbetweenthickgrayclouds.Thehorizonwhichisalsonecessaryforapositioncalculation,hadtobeestimatedduetothelargeswells.Astheboatwaspoundedbywindandwaves,hecalculatedatthebottomoftheboatandconsultedthetable
6、sinhisNauticalAlmanac.Overthe17days,whichtheywereatsea,Worselywasonlyabletotakefoursightings.Despitetheoverwhelmingoddsagainstsuccess,onMay10,1916theJamesCairdlandedonSouthGeorgiaIsland.Theboatwhichwasbeginningtofallapart,thelackoffreshdrinkingwater,
7、andillhealthofthecrewforcedShackletontolandontheWestside,whilethewhalingstations,andrescue,wereontheEastside.Tendaysafterlanding,withfrostbittenfeet,Shackleton,Crean,andWorselyheadedoutonfootforthewhalingstations,22milesaway.Withonlyacompasstoguideth
8、em,theytrekkedoverthemountainousinterioroftheisland,withscrewsfromtheCairdstickingoutofthesolesoftheirbootsfortraction.Alongwiththecompassthemencarriedonlyenoughfoodforthreedays,acarpentersadze,and90feetofrope.Shackleton’sdrivetoreturntohismenwasgrea
