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1、职业性铅暴露人群血铅的危险因素研究苗超、邵迪初、童寒波、叶虹、胡向前、项艸摘要目的探讨职业铅暴露人群血铅的危险因素，为采収针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法选择余姚市蓄电池工厂共227名工人作为研究对象，采用统一调查表对个人职业史、生活习惯、教育程度等进行调查，同时进行血铅和车间空气屮铅浓度测定。在此基础上，分别采用单因素、多因素条件Logistic回归分析筛选血铅的关联因素。结果共设29个检测点、,仅5点合格，合格率17.24%,工人平均血铅水平为(578.54±175.56)gg/L0单因素Logistic
2、回归分析显示性别、吸烟、户籍、文化程度和车间空气铅浓度等变量均可影响血铅浓度。多因素Logistic回归分析显示车间空气铅浓度和户籍差异有统计学意义。结论工作场所铅浓度较髙，工人血铅普遍较髙，车间空气铅浓度和户籍是血铅增高的危险因素。关键词：血铅，危险因素，条件Logistic冋归Studyonriskfactorsofbloodleadamongworkerswhoexposedinoccupationallead.MIAOChao,SHAODi-chu,TongyHan-boyYEHong,HUXiang-
3、qian,XiangChong(YuYaoCityCenterForDiseaseControlandPrevention,YuYao,ZheJiang315400,China)AbstractObjectiveTostudytheriskfactorsofbloodleadamongworkerswhoexposedinoccupationalleadandprovidescientificevideneefortheestablishmentofitscontrolandprevention.Methods
4、Totally227workersinaccumulatorplantswereselectedasstudyobject・Theirprofessionalhistory,lifehabitsandthelevelofeducationwereinvestigatedbyuniformlydesignedquestionnaire・Theworkers9bloodleadandtheleadconcentrationinairintheirjob-sitesweremeasures.Then,theriskf
5、actorsofbloodleadwereanalyzedbymeansofsimpleandmultipleconditionallogisticregressionanalysis・ResultsAtotalof29testpointsweredetected,only5pointswerequalified,theratewas17.24%.Themeanofbloodlevelofworkerswas(578.54±175.56)
6、ig/L.SimpleLogisticregressionanalysi
7、sshowedthatgender,smoking,residence,educationallevelandworkplaceairconcentrationsofleadcouldaffectbloodleadconcentrations.Multipleconditionallogisticregressionanalysisshowedthatworkplaceairconcentrationsofleadandresideneecouldsignificantlyaffectbloodleadconc
8、entrations・ConclusionWorkplaceairconcentrationsofleadishigherthanthestandard・Theworkersusuallyhavethehighlevelofbloodlead・Workplaceairconcentrationsofleadandresidenceareriskfactorsofbloodlead.KeyWords:bloodlead,riskfactors,conditionallogisticregression1对象和方法
9、1.1对象选取余姚市某铅酸蓄电池企业的职工共227人，男性134人，女性93人。主要从事板栅、包片、称片、化成、清洗、烧接、刷头、涂片、装配和后勤等工作，平均年龄为34.07岁(19岁〜61岁)，平均工龄为2.06年(0年〜10年)。调查对象均未患有肝脏、肾脏等疾病，近期内未服用药物，无家庭遗传病史。1.2方法1.2.1问卷调查采用统一的调查问卷，对调查员进行了培训。主要调查工人的一般
