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1、Unit4GlobalwarmingⅠ.阅读理解Theworldisgettingwarmer.Animalshavebeguntochangeinresponsetothenewcondition.Andsomeofthemhavebecomesmaller.Somescientiststhoughtthismightbeanadaptationtoawarmerworld;smallerbodiesshouldbeabletoloseheatbetter.ButnowanewstudypublishedinScienceha
2、sfoundthatforredknotbirds,that’snotthecase.EcologistJanvanGilsandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingthesebirdsfor33years.Overthecourseoftheirresearch,vanGilsandhisteamhavefoundthatinRussiawheretheredknotssummer,snowmeltandspringhavebeenadvancingbyhalfadayperyearonaverage.O
3、vermorethanthirtyyears,theresearcherscaughtandmeasurednearly2,000birds.Inyearswhenthesnowmelthadarrivedparticularlyearly,thebirdswerelikelytobesmallerandhaveshorterbills(鸟嘴).ThebirdsleavethecoastofWesternAfrica,wheretheywinter,andflynorthtowardRussiawithnoclueastowha
4、ttheweatherislikethere.Thebirdsaresupposedtoarriveinspring,sotheycanlaytheireggsandwhentheirchickshatchout,therewillbeawealthofarthropod(节肢动物)insectstofeedtheiryoung.Buteventhoughtheredknotsareadvancingtheirarrivaldatebyaboutaquarterofadayperyear,itisnotenoughtokeepu
5、pwiththesnowmelt.Andinyearswhenthesnowmeltarrivesearly,thearthropodsreachthegreatestquantitybeforethebirdsneedthem.Therefore,chicksmissoutoneatingwellandtheygrowuptobesmallerandhaveshorterbills.Beingsmallerandhavingashorterbillisn’taprobleminRussia—butitisinAfrica.Th
6、ere,adultbirdsfeedonthin-shelledbivalves(双壳贝类),Loripeslucinalis.Butthebivalvesareburieddeep.However,otheroptions,Dosiniaisocardiabivalvesandseagrassrhizomes(根茎),whichonlytheyoungestbirdsrelyon,arenotabundantornutritious.VanGilsandhiscolleaguesfoundthat,intheirfirstye
7、ar,shorter-billedredknotsdon’tsurviveaswellinAfrica.“Afewshort-billedbirdsmakeit,”vanGilssays,“butthemajorityofbirdsthatsurvivearethelong-billedbirds.”1.JanvanGilsandhiscolleaguesreachedtheconclusionby . A.comparingredknotswithotherbirdsB.dividing2,000redknotsintos
8、everalgroupsC.watchingandexaminingredknotsforthreedecadesD.analyzingstudiesthathavebeenpublishedinScience2.Whatinfluencedoesearlysn
