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1、BiographyofMarkTwainSamuelLanghorneClemens,betterknownastheauthorMarkTwain,wasbornonNovember30,1835,inFlorida,Missouri.Hisparents,JohnandJaneClemens,movedtheirfamilytoHannibal,Missouri,in1839,fouryearsafterSamuelwasborn.LivinginHannibal,aportalongtheMississippiRiver,Clemensdevelopedasor
2、tofbondwiththeriverandasachildaspiredtoonedaybeasteamboatpilot.Afterhisfather'sdeathin1847,ClemensbegananapprenticeshipwithJosephAment,publisheroftheMissouriCourier,andbyage16heworkedasaprinterandcontributedhisfirstpublishedsketchesforhisbrotherOrion'sHannibalWesternUnionwhereheworkedfo
3、rthenexttwoyears.Afterthis,ClemenswentontoworkasaprinterinseveralothercitiesincludingPhiladelphiaandNewYorkCity.In1857ClemensbeganworkingasacubpilotonMississippiRiversteamboatsandreceivedhissteamboatpilotlicensein1859.ForthenexttwoyearsTwainworkedasasteamboatpilotuntil1861whentheAmerica
4、nCivilwasputastoptotravelontheriver.ClemensvolunteeredintheConfederatecalvaryforaverybriefperiodoftime.SamueljoinedhisbrotherOrionthatsameyear,andheadedoutwesttotheNevadaterritorywhereheminedforsilver.In1862,hebeganworkingasareporterfortheVirginiaCityTerritorialEnterpriseinNevada.Itwasi
5、n1863thatSamuelClemensbeganusingthepennameMarkTwain.ThenamewasaphrasedusedonthesteamboatsoftheMississippiRiverwhichmeant"twofathomsdeep."FromNevada,ClemensmovedontoSanFrancisco,California,wherehewroteforSanFrancisconewspapers.HealsoworkedinminesatAngel'sCamp,California,whereheardthetale
6、thatinspiredhisshortstory"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty."In1866,ClemensgavehisfirstlectureabouttheSandwichislands.AfterthishebeganalecturetourthroughoutCaliforniaandNevadaandwentontogivelecturesinNewYorkCityduringthenextyear.FromJunetoNovemberof1867,Clemenssailedonashipcalle
7、dtheQuakerCitytoEuropeandtheMideast.HewritesofhistravelsinhisbookTheInnocentsAbroad.AfterarrivingbackintheUnitedStates,hemovedtoWashington,D.C.,tobecometheprivatesecretarytoSenatorWilliamStewart.DuringthistimehealsotraveledandgavelecturesinCaliforniaandNevada.In1868,Twainbecame
