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1、10BasicknowledgeoftransducersAtransducerisadevicewhichconvertsthequantitybeingmeasuredintoanoptical,mechanical,or-morecommonly-electricalsignal. Theenergy-conversionprocessthattakesplaceisreferredtoastransduction.Transducersareclassifiedaccordingtoth
2、etransductionprincipleinvolvedandtheformofthemeasured.Thusaresistancetransducerformeasuringdisplacementisclassifiedasaresistancedisplacementtransducer.Otherclassificationexamplesarepressurebellows,forcediaphragm,pressureflapper-nozzle,andsoon.1、Transd
3、ucerElementsAlthoughthereareexception,mosttransducersconsistofasensingelementandaconversionorcontrolelement.Forexample,diaphragms,bellows,straintubesandrings,bourdontubes,andcantileversaresensingelementswhichrespondtochangesinpressureorforceandconvert
4、thesephysicalquantitiesintoadisplacement.Thisdisplacementmaythenbeusedtochangeanelectricalparametersuchasvoltage,resistance,capacitance,orinductance.Suchcombinationofmechanicalandelectricalelementsformelectromechanicaltransducingdevicesortransducers.S
5、imilarcombinationcanbemadeforotherenergyinputsuchasthermal.Photo,magneticandchemical,givingthermoelectric,photoelectric,electromaanetic,andelectrochemicaltransducersrespectively.2、TransducerSensitivityTherelationshipbetweenthemeasuredandthetransducero
6、utputsignalisusuallyobtainedbycalibrationtestsandisreferredtoasthetransducersensitivityK1=output-signalincrement/measuredincrement.Inpractice,thetransducersensitivityisusuallyknown,and,bymeasuringtheoutputsignal,theinputquantityisdeterminedfrominput=o
7、utput-signalincrement/K1.3、CharacteristicsofanIdealTransducerThehightransducershouldexhibitthefollowingcharacteristicsa) highfidelity-thetransduceroutputwaveformshapebeafaithfulreproductionofthemeasured;thereshouldbeminimumdistortion.b) Theresho
8、uldbeminimuminterferencewiththequantitybeingmeasured;thepresenceofthetransducershouldnotalterthemeasuredinanyway.c) Size.Thetransducermustbecapableofbeingplacedexactlywhereitisneeded.d) Thereshouldbealinearrelationshipbetweenthemeasureda