(剑桥指南) the cambridge companion to saussure

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1、TheCarnbridgeCompaniontoSaussureEdìtedbyCaro1SandersCAMBRIDGEUNTVERSITYPRESSlSaussureandIndo-EuropeanlinguisticsAnnaMorpurgoDaviesSaussureasseenbyhiscontemporariesIn1908theLinguisticSocietyofParis(SociétéLinguistiquedeParis)dedicatedavolumeofMélangestoFerdinanddeSa

2、ussure,thenagedfiftyandprofessorattheUniversityofGeneva(Saussure,1908).Averybriefandunsignedprefacestatedthat,sincethefewyearsthathehadspentinParisbetween1881and1891hadbeendecisiveforthedevelopmentofFrenchlinguistics,theSocietywashappytodedicatetohimoneofthefirstvo

3、lumesofitsnewseries.TheSocietyalsowishedtothanktheeminentSwisslinguistswhohadjoinedSaussure'searlierpupilsinpayingtheirrespectstotheauthoroftheMémoiresurlesystèmeprimitifdesvoyellesenindo-européen.Twothingsarenowstrikingeveni€theywerenotsoatthetirne.First,noattempt

4、wasmadeintheprefaceorelsewheretodistinguishbetweenthetwomainactivitiesofSaussure:teachingandresearchincomparativeandhistoricallinguistics(grammairecomparée)andteachingandresearchingenera1ortheoreticallinguistics.Secondlythearticlescollectedinthevolumewereall,withon

5、eexception,articlesinIndo-Europeancomparativelinguistics.TheyincludeworkbyestablishedscholarsofconsiderablefamelikeAntoineMeilletinParisorJacobWackernagelinBasle,butthesewerehistoricdandcomparativelinguistsratherthantheoreticallinguists.Theoneexceptionisapaperbyone

6、ofSaussure'spupilsandcolleagues,indeedoneoftheeditorsoftheCours,AlbertSechehaye,whodiscussestheroleofstylisticsinihetheoryoflanguage.YetSaussure'scurrentfameistiedtohisviewsontheoreticallinguistics.liSaussureasacomparativistIfSaussure'scontemporarieshadbeenasked,th

7、eywouldhavesimpwcalledhimalinguistsincehistoricalandcomparativelinguistics(oftenidentifiedwithIndo-Europeanstudies)wastheprevailingformoflinguisticsatthetime.Indeedal1theworkthatSaussurepublishedinhislifetime,andwhichwascollectedposthumouslyinasinglevolume(Saussure

8、,1922)concernedproblemsofIndo-European,andfittedinthetraditionofhistoricalandcomparativeworkwhich10AnnaMorpurgoDavies3hadstartedattht5beginningof