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1、THEKLUWERINTERNATIONALSERIESINENGINEERINGANDCOMPUTERSCIENCEAPPLICATIONSOFDIGITALSIGNALPROCESSINGTOAUDIOANDACOUSTICSeditedbyMarkKahrsRutgersUniversityPiscataway,NewJersey,USAKarlheinzBrandenburgFraunhoferInstitutIntegrierteSchaltungenErlangen,GermanyKLUWERACADEMICPUBLISHERSNEWYORK
2、,BOSTON,DORDRECHT,LONDON,MOSCOWeBookISBN:0-3064-7042-XPrintISBN0-7923-8130-0©2002KluwerAcademicPublishersNewYork,Boston,Dordrecht,London,MoscowAllrightsreservedNopartofthiseBookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,recording,orotherwise,withoutwr
3、ittenconsentfromthePublisherCreatedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaVisitKluwerOnlineat:http://www.kluweronline.comandKluwer'seBookstoreat:http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.comThispageintentionallyleftblank.ContentsListofFiguresxiiiListofTablesxxiContributingAuthorsxxiiiIntroductionxxixKar
4、lheinzBrandenburgandMarkKahrs1Audioqualitydeterminationbasedonperceptualmeasurementtechniques1JohnG.Beerends1.1Introduction11.2Basicmeasuringphilosophy21.3Subjectiveversusobjectiveperceptualtesting61.4Psychoacousticfundamentalsofcalculatingtheinternalsoundrepre-sentation81.5Compu
5、tationoftheinternalsoundrepresentation131.6Theperceptualaudioqualitymeasure(PAQM)171.7ValidationofthePAQMonspeechandmusiccodecdatabases201.8Cognitiveeffectsinjudgingaudioquality221.9ITUStandardization291.9.1ITU-T,speechquality301.9.2ITU-R,audioquality351.10Conclusions372Perceptua
6、lCodingofHighQualityDigitalAudio39KarlheinzBrandenburg2.1Introduction39viAPPLICATIONSOFDSPTOAUDIOANDACOUSTICS2.2SomeFactsaboutPsychoacoustics422.2.1MaskingintheFrequencyDomain422.2.2MaskingintheTimeDomain442.2.3Variabilitybetweenlisteners452.3Basicideasofperceptualcoding472.3.1Ba
7、sicblockdiagram482.3.2Additionalcodingtools492.3.3PerceptualEntropy502.4Descriptionofcodingtools502.4.1Filterbanks502.4.2Perceptualmodels592.4.3Quantizationandcoding632.4.4Jointstereocoding682.4.5Prediction722.4.6Multi-channel:tomatrixornottomatrix732.5Applyingthebasictechniques:
8、realcodingsystems742.5.1Pointerstoearlys
