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1、阅读原文：Theearliestdiscoveredtracesofartarebeadsandcarvings,andthenpaintings,fromsitesdatingbacktotheUpperPaleolithicperiod・Wemightexpectthatearlyartisticeffortswouldbecrude,butthecavepaintingsofSpainandsouthernFranceshowamarkeddegreeofski11.Sodothenaturalisticp
2、aintingsonslabsofstoncexcavatedinsouthernAfrica.Someofthoseslabsappeartohavebeenpaintedasmuchas28,000yearsago,whichsuggeststhatpaintinginAfricaisasoldaspaintinginEurope.Butpaintingmaybeevenolderthanthat.TheearlyAustraliansmayhavepaintedonthewallsofrockshelter
3、sandclifffacesatleast30,000yearsago,andmaybeasmuchas60,000yearsago.迄今为止，发现的最早的并且有迹可寻的工艺品是珠链和雕刻，然后还有绘画，人类在IH石器时代晚期的遗址上发现了它们。虽然我们可能会认为早期的艺术成就都是不成熟的，但西班牙与法国南部的岩洞画显示出了尚超的技艺，在非洲南部发掘出的自然石板画也是如此。其中的一些石板I田i看上去像是在28000年前I田i出的，这表明非洲绘画与欧洲绘画一样时间久远，但可能更早些。至少30000年前，也可能追溯至
4、60000年前，早期澳大利亚人就已经在岩石遮蔽的墙上和悬崖断面上作画了。TheresearchersPeterUckoandAndreeRosenfeldidentifiedthreeprincipallocationsofpaintingsinthecavesofwesternEurope:(1)inobviouslyinhabitedrocksheltersandcaveentrances;(2)ingalleriesimmediatelyofftheinhabitedareasofcaves;and(3)i
5、ntheinnerreachesofcaves,whosedifficultyofaccesshasbeeninterpretedbysomeasasignthatmagical-religiousactivitieswereperformedthere.研究人员彼特?阿寇和安德烈?罗森菲尔德指出西欧洞画的三个主要地点：(1)在明显有遮蔽可供人类居住的岩石和洞穴入口处，(2)在居住的洞穴一出门的走鳩上，(3)在洞穴所能及的最深处，有人认为之所以在最深处作画是因为当时的人们曾在这里进行神秘的宗教活动。Thesubj
6、ectsofthepaintingsaremostlyaninials・ThepaintingsrestonbarewalIs,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings・Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathorinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,it
7、mightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Anotherexplanationforthefocusonanimalsmightbethatthesepeoplesoughttoimprovetheirluckathunting.Thistheoryissuggestedbyevideneeofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.Butifimproving
8、theirhuntingluckwasthechiefmotivationforthepaintings,itisdifficulttoexplainwhyonlyafewshowsignsofhavingbeenspeared.PerhapsthepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimaIs.Cav
