克鲁格曼国际经济学与答案

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1、..Chapter31.In1986,thepriceofoilonworldmarketsdroppedsharply.SincetheUnitedStatesisanoil-importingcountry,thiswaswidelyregardedasgoodfortheU.S.economy.YetinTexasandLouisiana1986wasayearofeconomicdecline.Why?ItcandeducethatTexasandLouisianaareoil-producingstatesofUn

2、itedStates.Sowhenthepriceofoilonworldmarketsdeclined,therealwageofthisindustryfellintermsofothergoods.Thismightbethereasonofeconomicdeclineinthesetwostatesin1986.2。Aneconomycanproducegood1usinglaborandcapitalandgood2usinglaborandland.Thetotalsupplyoflaboris100units

3、.Giventhesupplyofcapital,theoutputsofthetwogoodsdependsonlaborinputasfollows:Toanalyzetheeconomy’sproductionpossibilityfrontier,considerhowtheoutputmixchangesaslaborisshiftedbetweenthetwosectors.a.Graphtheproductionfunctionsforgood1andgood2.资料..a.Graphtheproduction

4、possibilityfrontier.Whyisitcurved?Q1Q2L1L2PPFThePPFiscurvedduetodecliningmarginalproductoflaborineachgood.Thetotallaborsupplyisfixed.SoasL1rises,MPL1falls;correspondingly,asL2falls,MPL2rises.SoPPgetssteeperaswemovedownittotheright.2.Themarginalproductoflaborcurvesc

5、orrespondingtotheproductionfunctionsinproblem2areasfollows:a.Supposethatthepriceofgood2relativetothatofgood1is2.Determinegraphicallythewagerateandtheallocationoflaborbetweenthetwosectors.Withtheassumptionthatlaborisfreelymobilebetweensectors,itwillmovefromthelow-wa

6、gesectortothehigh-wagesectoruntilwagesareequalized.Soinequilibrium,thewagerateisequaltothevalueoflabor’smarginalproduct.资料..Theabscissaofpointofintersectionillustratedaboveshouldbebetween(20,30).Sinceweonlyhavetofindouttheapproximateanswer,linearfunctioncouldbeempl

7、oyed.ThelaborallocationbetweenthesectorsisapproximatelyL1=27andL2=73.Thewagerateisapproximately0.98.a.Usingthegraphdrawnforproblem2,determinetheoutputofeachsector.Thenconfirmgraphicallythattheslopoftheproductionpossibilityfrontieratthatpointequalstherelativeprice.Q

8、1Q2L1L2PPFTherelativepriceisP2/P1=2andwehavegottheapproximatelaborallocation,sowecanemploythelinearfunctionagaintocalculatetheapproximateoutputof