高考英语阅读理解干扰项设置规律

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1、高考英语阅读理解干扰项设置规律　　阅读理解是高考试卷中分值最大的题型。近年来随着高考命题指导思想的发展，阅读理解题的命制日趋稳定、科学、合理和成熟。其干扰选项的设置不仅能检测出考生理解、概括、推理等逻辑思维的精准性、深刻性，而且对考生个人心理素质是一种检验。纵观近几年的高考阅读理解试题不难发现，干扰项的设置具有很强的迷惑性。针对这一趋势，要全面提高阅读理解能力，除具备深厚的语言功底，一定的阅读技巧和语篇结构分析、意群分析能力外，做题时了解干扰项的设置规律也至关重要。以下结合例题对常见的干扰方法加以介绍和分析。　　一、主题扩大　　干扰项归纳

2、、概括的范围过大，太空泛，太笼统，表达的内容超出或多于文章实际所阐述的内容，与主旨大意之间是包含关系。就像给一个头很小的人戴上一顶大帽子，答题者需要认清文中讨论的主题和放大含义的选项之间的包含关系，然后进行排除。同时，采用逆推法，假定自己要以选项作为标题写文章，自己会以什么内容为主题。　　HOUSTON――A10-year-oldboyfatallyshothisfatherFriday，ashesatinthefrontseatofaSUVtopickuptheboyfromhismother’shomeforaweekendvisit

3、.　　Theincidenthappenedabout3p.monaculdesac（死胡同）inthe1700blockofCedarCoveCourt，saidWilliamsoftheHarrisCounty7Sheriff’sDepartment.　　AninvestigationfoundthatRickJames，41，wasshotbyhisson，whowassittinginthebackseatoftheman’sToyota4-Runner，saidWilliams.Theshootingtookplaceoutsi

4、dethehomeofJames’ex-wife，wheretheboyliveswithhismotheranda7-year-oldbrother.　　“We’renotcertainofanythinguntilwefinishourinvestigation”：Williamssaid.“Theinformationwehaveatthistimeisthatthe10-year-olddidfiretheweapon.”　　Themotherandthe7-year-oldwereinsidethehousewhenthesho

5、otingoccurred，saidWilliams.Williamssaidthegunbelongedtotheboy’smother.Afterfiringshotsthroughthebackseat，theboyexitedthebackofthevehicleandcontinuedtofireatthecar.　　ThemandiedonthewaytoMemorialHermanHospital.　　JameswasadoctorattheUniversityofTexasMedicalBranch.　　Themanand

6、womansharedcustody（监护）ofthechildren.　　WilliamssaidthemotherandtheboywerestillinthehometalkingtoinvestigatorsFridaynight.　　Neighborsdescribedthefamilyasbeingquietandkeepingtothemselves　　1.Thebesttitleforthenewsshouldbe？摇？摇？摇？摇　　A.ABoyShotHisFather.7　　B.ShootingKillaFather.

7、　　C.AnUnbelievableTragedy.（主题扩大）　　D.ATen-Year-OldBoy’sCruelty.　　二、以偏概全　　干扰项概括不全面，只阐述了文章的部分内容，覆盖部分段落或几句话，或干扰项以次要的事实或者细节冒充全文的主要观点。在选项中，就答案本身来看，在短文中均被提及，甚至个个都对。考生此时要特别注意整体与部分及全面与片面的包容关系，防止主次不分，以点带面，以偏概全。　　Mostpeopleknowthatlighthouseshelpkeepshipssafe.Forhundredsofyears，thei

8、rshininglightshavewarnedpeopleofdangers.However，inmanyplaces，lighthousescouldnotbebuiltatthattim