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1、TheComplexityofNoiseAPhilosophicalOutlookonQuantumErrorCorrectionSynthesisLecturesonQuantumComputingEditorsMarcoLanzagorta,ITTCorporationJeffreyUhlmann,UniversityofMissouri–ColumbiaTheComplexityofNoise:APhilosophicalOutlookonQuantumErrorCorrectionAmitHagar2010Broadb
2、andQuantumCryptographyDanielJ.Rogers2010QuantumComputerScienceMarcoLanzagortaandJeffreyUhlmann2008QuantumWalksforComputerScientistsSalvadorElíasVenegas-Andraca2008Copyright©2010byMorgan&ClaypoolAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrie
3、valsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopy,recording,oranyotherexceptforbriefquotationsinprintedreviews,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.TheComplexityofNoise:APhilosophicalOutlookonQuantumErrorCorrectionAmitHagarwww.morganclay
4、pool.comISBN:9781608454891paperbackISBN:9781608454907ebookDOI10.2200/S00290ED1V01Y201007QMC004APublicationintheMorgan&ClaypoolPublishersseriesSYNTHESISLECTURESONQUANTUMCOMPUTINGLecture#4SeriesEditors:MarcoLanzagorta,ITTCorporationJeffreyUhlmann,UniversityofMissouriC
5、olumbiaSeriesISSNSynthesisLecturesonQuantumComputingPrint1945-9726Electronic1945-9734TheComplexityofNoiseAPhilosophicalOutlookonQuantumErrorCorrectionAmitHagarDepartmentofHistory&PhilosophyofScience,IndianaUniversity,BloomingtonSYNTHESISLECTURESONQUANTUMCOMPUTING#4M
6、Morgan&cLaypoolpublishers&CABSTRACTInquantumcomputing,wherealgorithmsexistthatcansolvecomputationalproblemsmoreef-ficientlythananyknownclassicalalgorithms,theeliminationoferrorsthatresultfromexternaldisturbancesorfromimperfectgateshasbecometheholygrail,andaworldwideq
7、uestforalargescalefault-tolerant,andcomputationallysuperiorquantumcomputeriscurrentlytakingplace.Op-timistsrelyonthepremisethat,underacertainthresholdoferrors,anarbitrarylongfault-tolerantquantumcomputationcanbeachievedwithonlymoderate(i.e.,atmostpolynomial)overhead
8、incomputationalcost.Pessimists,ontheotherhand,objectthatthereareinprinciple(asopposedtomerelytechnological)reasonswhysuchmachinesarestilli
