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1、Unit3BereavementandGriefPreparatoryWork(1)AccordingtoBritannica,LuigiPirandellowaswinnerofthe1934NobelPrizeforLiterature.Withhisinventionofthe“theatrewithinthetheatre”intheplaySeipersonaggiincercad’autore(1921;SixCharactersinSearchofanAuthor),hebecameanimportantinnovatorinmoderndrama.Infl
2、uencedbyhiscatastrophicpersonalexperiences,hedevelopedaliterarystylecharacterizedby“theexplorationofthetightlyclosedworldoftheforeverchangeablehumanpersonality”(Britannica).“War”reflectsthisstyleofpsychologicalrealism,forinsteadofdepictingexternalcircumstancesoftheGreatWar,itchoosestounde
3、rlinethecrueltyofwarfromtheperspectiveofthesoldiers’anxious,grievingparents.(2)Thestorywassetinatraincarriageatdawn.ThewarreferredtointhestoryismostprobablyWorldWarI,forduringthiswartheauthorhimselfwasapsychologicallytormentedfather,bothofwhosesonswerecapturedasprisonersofwar.TheWorldWarI
4、wasaninternationalconflictthatresultedfromclashesofinterestamongtheworld’seconomicgreatpowersassembledintwoopposingalliances,theAllies(includingtheUnitedKingdom/BritishEmpire,FranceandtheRussianEmpire)versustheCentralPowersofGermanyandAustria-Hungary.ItalywasamemberoftheTripleAlliancealon
5、gsideGermanyandAustria-Hungary,thoughitdidnotjointheCentralPowers(Willmott15).ItisgenerallybelievedbyhistoriansthatWorldWarIwas“virtuallyunprecedentedintheslaughter,carnage,anddestructionitcaused”(Britannica).Itledtothefalloffourgreatimperialdynasties(Germany,Russia,Austria-Hungary,andTur
6、key),resultedintheBolshevikRevolutioninRussia,and,initsdestabilizationofEuropeansociety,laidthegroundworkforWorldWarII.(3)Commonsymptomsofgriefcausedbybereavementincludewistfulness,lethargy,hysteria,depressionandsoforth.AccordingtothepsychologistElisabethKübler-Ross,peoplewhohavelostsomeo
7、necloseusuallygothroughfiveemotionalstages:denial,anger,bargaining,depressionandacceptance.(4)Luigi/luˈidʒi/Perandello/ˌpɪrənˈdɛloʊ;Italianˌpirɑnˈdɛllɔ/Fabriano/Italianˌfabriˈaˌno/Sulmona/Italiansulˈmona/CriticalReadingI.Understandingthetext1.(1)Theirargumentwasabou
