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1、更多好书请点击www.uus8.orgOnthebrainOnthebrainBYPROFESSORT.H.HUXLEY,F.R.S.1更多好书请点击www.uus8.orgOnthebrain[Thisessayistakenfrom'TheDescentofManandSelectioninrelationtoSex'byCharlesDarwinwhereitappearsattheendofChapterVIIwhichisalsotheendofPartI.Footnotesarenumberedastheyappearin'TheDesce
2、ntofMan.']Thecontroversyrespectingthenatureandtheextentofthedifferencesinthestructureofthebraininmanandtheapes,whicharosesomefifteenyearsago,hasnotyetcometoanend,thoughthesubjectmatterofthedisputeis,atpresent,totallydifferentfromwhatitwasformerly.Itwasoriginallyassertedandre-ass
3、erted,withsingularpertinacity,thatthebrainofalltheapes,eventhehighest,differsfromthatofman,intheabsenceofsuchconspicuousstructuresastheposteriorlobesofthecerebralhemispheres,withtheposteriorcornuofthelateralventricleandthehippocampusminor,containedinthoselobes,whicharesoobviousi
4、nman.Butthetruththatthethreestructuresinquestionareaswelldevelopedinapes'asinhumanbrains,orevenbetter;andthatitischaracteristicofallthePrimates(ifweexcludetheLemurs)tohavethesepartswelldeveloped,standsatpresentonassecureabasisasanypropositionincomparativeanatomy.Moreover,itisadm
5、ittedbyeveryoneofthelongseriesofanatomistswho,oflateyears,havepaidspecialattentiontothearrangementofthecomplicatedsulciandgyriwhichappearuponthesurfaceofthecerebralhemispheresinmanandthehigherapes,thattheyaredisposedaftertheverysamepatterninhim,asinthem.Everyprincipalgyrusandsul
6、cusofachimpanzee'sbrainisclearlyrepresentedinthatofaman,sothattheterminologywhichappliestotheoneanswersfortheother.Onthispointthereisnodifferenceofopinion.Someyearssince,ProfessorBischoffpublishedamemoir(70.'DieGrosshirn-WindungendesMenschen;''AbhandlungenderK.BayerischenAkademi
7、e,'B.x.1868.)onthecerebralconvolutionsofmanandapes;andasthepurposeofmylearnedcolleaguewascertainlynottodiminishthevalueofthedifferencesbetweenapesandmeninthisrespect,Iamgladtomakeacitationfromhim."Thattheapes,andespeciallytheorang,chimpanzeeandgorilla,come2更多好书请点击www.uus8.orgOnt
8、hebrainveryclosetomanintheirorganisation,muchne
