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1、1.Motivation分类：onomatopoeicmotivation拟声理据,morphologicalmotivation形态理据,semanticmotivation语义理据,etymologicalmotivation词源理据.2.Typesofmeaning:grammatical~&lexical~;conceptual~&associative~(connotative~,stylistic~,affective~,collocative~,)Associativemeaning:1)associativemeaningisthesecondary
2、meaningsupplementedtotheconceptualmeaning.2)Itdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisopen-endedandindeterminated.3)Itisliabletotheinfluenceofsuchfactorsasculture,experience,religion,geographicalregion,classbackground,education,etc.4)Associativemeaningcomprisesfourtypes:connotative,st
3、ylistic,affective,andcollocative.3.Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguagethatonewordhastwoormoresensesormeanings.Diachronicapproachisanapproachtopolysemywhichstudieshowawordderiveditsdifferentmeaningsfromitsprimarymeaninginthecourseoftime.4.同形同音异义关系Homonymyisoneofthefeatu
4、resofwordsthatawordisdifferentinmeaningfromanother,buteitheridenticalbothinsoundandspellingoridenticalonlyinsoundorspellingwiththeotherHomonymsgenerallyfallintothreeclasses:perfecthomonyms(samename);homographs(samespelling)andhomophones（somesound）.Perfecthomonymsarethosewordsidenticalb
5、othinsoundandspelling,butdifferentinmeaning,e.g.bear/bea/(n)alargeheavyanimal;bear/bea/(v)toputupwith.Homographsarethewordsidenticalonlyinspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaning,e.g.saw//(v)toscatterseeds;sow/sau/(n)femaleadultpig.Homophonesrefertothewordsidenticalonlyinsoundbutdifferent
6、inspellingandmeaning,e.g.dear/dia/(n)alovedperson;deer/dia/(n)akindofanimal.5.同形同音异义词与多义词的区别Perfecthomonymsandpolysemantsarefullyidenticalwithregardtospellingandpronunciation.Thiscreatestheproblemofdifferentiation.Thefundamentaldifferencebetweenhomonymsandpolysemantsliesinthefactthatth
7、eformerreferstodifferentwordswhichhappentosharethesameformandthelatteristheoneandsamewordwhichhasseveraldistinguishablemeanings.Oneimportantcriterionistoseetheiretymology,i.e.homonymsarefromdifferentsourceswhereasapolysemantisfromthesamesourcewhichhasacquireddifferentmeaningsinthecou
