19902000年美国华人参政状况研究

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1、ChineseAmericansinthispaperrefertoU．S．citizensandlawfulpermanentresidents(LPRs)ofancestry．GiventhefactthatanoverwhelmingmajorityofintheUnitedStatesweredeniedtherighttoimmigrationandnaturalizationbeforetheenfi'anchisementera,“ChineseintheUnitedStates”，‘‘Chineseimmigrants”，orsimply‘‘Chinese’

2、’areusedalternativelyonaparwith“ChineseAmericans”inthethirdchapterreviewingthehistoricalpursuitofpoliticalequalityofChineseintheUnitedStates．PoHticalparticipationinthispaperreferstounconventionalnon-electoralparticipationsuchasappealingtoAmericancourts，protests，communalorganizationactiviti

3、esbeforetheenfl'anchisementeraandconventionalelectoralparticipationsuchasvoting，runningforpublicofficeandmaneuverofpoliticalorganizationsafterAmericanswerepofiticallyenfranchisedintheUnitedStates．11．3FormatThispaperconsistsofsixchaptersAsanintroduction，ChapterOnebriefstheobjectiveandresear

4、chmethod，termsdefmifionsandformatofthisstudy．ChapterTwobrieflyintroducesthreemajortheoreticalapproachestounderstandingandexplainingpoliticalparticipationofethnicminorities．ChapterThreeprovidesahistoricalreviewofAmericans’pursuitof1AccordingtoFreedman，politicalparticipationis“actiondesigned

5、toinfluencegovernmentdecision‘making，andinthemostconventionalsense，equatedwithelectoralaction”(SeeAmyL¨Freedman，PoliticalParticipationandEthnicMinoriti∞：ChineseinMalaysia．Indonesia,andtheUnitedStates(NewYork：Routledge，2000)，7．)Obviously,therearemoretypesofpoliticalbehaviorsotherthanelector

6、alactionthatmayinfluencepoliticaldecision-making．Forinstance，therearenon·electoral，indirectmeanssuch∞lobbying，litigation，protesting，boycotting，civicdisobedience，andcontributingtopoliticalcampaigns．HoweveLinviewofthecomplicatedanduniquepoliticalexperienceofChineseAmericans，politicalparticip

7、ationofChineseAmericansishereindefinedintIlisway．3politicalequalitybeforethe1990sChapterFourpresentsalloverviewoftheperformanceofChineseAmericansbetween1990and2000fromthreeperspectives：ChineseAmericans’participationthroughvoting，ChineseAmericans’politicalrepre