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1、不定式与动名词 不定式 Infinitive 一、成份：可作谓语外的任何成份：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语 二、五种形式：（否定式：not to do） 1）to do He seems to know this.（ 一般式） 2）to be doing He pretended to be listening attentively.（进行式） 3）to be done（被动式） 4）to have done I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.（完成式） 5）to h
2、ave been done（完成被动式） 6）to have been doing We have been working on this problem for many hours.(完成进行式) 三、成份 1、宾语 a）want, wish, decide, learn, manage, promise, expect, pretend, refuse, fail等动词后接不定式作宾语，需要记忆！ 2、状语： a）表目的 例：We study hard to build our country better. b）放句首
3、 例：To pass the examination, you’d better study hard. c）in order to/ so as to in order to可放句首，也可放中间。 例：We must study hard in order to… In order to…, we must study hard. so as to只放句中 例：He spoke so clearly as to make everyone hear him. He spoke clearly so as to make
4、 everyone hear him. d）too… to太……而不能…… 例：He is too young to go to school. =He is so young that he can’t go to. 3、宾语补足语 a）ask, want, tell, order, wish, expect, promise, offer, advise, allow, permit, persuade, fire, forbid（禁止）, get, warn, long for（渴望）等动词后可以接 sb to do，不定式作
5、宾语补足语。 但动词hope to do，不可用hope sb. to do sth. b）在某些及物动词的复合宾语中，动词不定式可省“to” 五“看”：watch, see, notice, observe, look at 三“使役（动词）：make, let, have但get sb to do 二“听”：hear, listen to 一“感觉”：feel eg. feel sb do doing 半“帮助”：help eg. help sb. (to) do 4、主语：To talk wi
6、th him is a great pleasure 通常用：It is a great pleasure to talk with him. 5、定语： She is the last to come. He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. 作定语时须放在被修饰的名词之后 动名词 Gerund 动名词具有名词和动词的特征： 一、形式：以do为例 一般式：doing 被动式：being done 例：I remembe
7、r being taken to… when I was a child. 完成式：having done 例：He was given a medal for having completed sixty year’s of teaching. 被动：having been done 否定式：not doing 例：Tom made his mother angry by not taking his medicine. 复合结构：物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 例：Would you mind my smoking here?
8、 Tom’s coming late made his teacher angry. 但：在口语中作宾语时，可以用 例：Would you min
