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1、CHAPTER1HISTORYOFSURGERYIraRutkowperspective.Onlythelengthypassageoftimepermitsatrulyimportanceofunderstandingsurgicalhistoryvalidhistoricalanalysis.early20thcenturymoderneraHistoricalRelationshipBetweenSurgery20thcenturysurgicalhighlightsandMedicinefuturetrendsDespiteoutwardappearances,itwasactua
2、llynotuntilthelatterdecadesofthe19thcenturythatthesurgeontrulyemergedasaspecialistwithinthewholearenaofmedicinetobecomeaIMPORTANCEOFUNDERSTANDINGrecognizedandrespectedclinicalphysician.Similarly,itwasnotSURGICALHISTORYuntilthefirstdecadesofthe20thcenturythatsurgerycouldbeItremainsarhetoricalquesti
3、onwhetheranunderstandingofconsideredtohaveachievedthestatusofabonafideprofession.surgicalhistoryisimportanttothematurationandcontinuedBeforethistime,thescopeofsurgeryremainedlimited.Sur-educationandtrainingofasurgeon.Conversely,itishardlygeons,oratleastthosemedicalmenwhousedthesobriquetnecessaryto
4、dwellontheheuristicvaluethatanappreciationofsurgeon,whetheruniversity-educatedortrainedinprivatehistoryprovidesindevelopingadjunctivehumanistic,literary,apprenticeships,atbesttreatedonlysimplefractures,disloca-andphilosophictastes.Clearly,thestudyofmedicineisalife-tions,andabscessesandoccasionally
5、performedamputationslonglearningprocessthatshouldbeanenjoyableandrewardingwithdexterity,butalsowithhighmortalityrates.Theymanagedexperience.Forasurgeon,thestudyofsurgicalhistorycantoligatemajorarteriesforcommonandaccessibleaneurysmscontributetowardmakingthiseducationaleffortmorepleasur-andmadehero
6、icattemptstoexciseexternaltumors.Someableandcanprovideconstantinvigoration.Tracingtheevolu-individualsfocusedonthetreatmentofanalfistulas,hernias,tionofwhatonedoesonadailybasisandunderstandingitfromcataracts,andbladderstones.Ineptattemptsatreductionofahistoricalperspectivebecomeenviablegoals.Inrea
7、lity,thereincarceratedandstrangulatedherniasweremadeand,hesitat-isnowaytoseparatepresent-daysurgeryandone’sownclinicalingly,ratherrudimentarycolostomiesorileostomieswerecreatedpracticefromtheexperienceofallsurgeo
