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1、毕业设计（论文）要求1、外文翻译是毕业设计（论文）的主要内容之一，必须学生独立完成。2、外文翻译译文内容应与学生的专业或毕业设计（论文）内容相关，不得少于XXXXE
2、J刷符号。3、外文翻译译文用A4纸打印，需包含中文翻译和英文原文。4、年月日等的填写，用阿拉伯数字书写，要符合《关于出版物上数字用法的试行规定》，如“2017年5月26日”。5、所有签名必须手写，不得打印。附件：外文原文AboutGPS-RTKSUMMARYTransformsalongwiththetraditionalmappingtechnolo
3、gytothedigitizedmappingtechnology,facethe21stcenturyourcountryprojectsurveytechnologytrendofdevelopmentandthedirectionis:Surveydataacquisitionandprocessingautomation,solidcurrentevents,digitization;Surveydatamanagementscientificstyle,standardization,standardiz
4、ation;Surveydatadisseminationandapplicationnetwork,diversification,socialization.TheGPStechnology,theRStechnology,theGIStechnology,thedigitizedmappingtechnologyaswellastheadvancedgroundsurveyinstrumentandsoonwillbewidespreadapplyintheprojectsurvey,andwilldispl
5、ayitsleadingrole.Ourcountrytunnelingsurveyhasthecomparativelyglorioushistoryandtherichexperience,accordingtohascountednewChinatoestablish50formanyyears,altogetherconstructstherailroadtunnelalreadysurpasses5,000.Inoncentury80's,ourcountryalreadybecameintheworld
6、oneofrailroadtunnelmostcountries,speciallygrewupthetunnelsurveytechnologynewmethodapplicationaspecttoyieldmanyimportantresults,accumulatedthepreciousexperience,oncewonnationvariousadvanceintechnologythegreathono匚Thisarticledividesintotwoparts,thefirstpartmakes
7、thecorrelationtothetunnelingsurveymethodandthecomputationtheintroduction,mainlydividesintothreebulks:Onsurveys,undergroundsurveyandrelationsurvey.Buttheyseparatelyintroducedoncontrolsthesurvey,theundergroundcontrolsurveysandrelatesthesurveyandtheyseparatelylin
8、ksuptheprecisiontothetunneltheinfluence.Moreover,thethirdchapterspeciallyintroducedthetunnellinksupthesurveytheplanchoiceandtheerrorestimated.Frontbecausethisisthetunnellinksupanextremelyimportantworkwhichthesurveybeginsmustcarryon,itcamesonornotcandirectlyaff
9、ecttheriskwhichlinksuptothetunnel.Ifdoesnotcarryontheerrortoestimatebutdirectlycarriesonthesurvey,hasthepossibilitytobeableverymuchinsufficientlytocreatebecauseoftheprecisionlinksu
