语言学讲义及课后答案

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1、语言学讲义及课后习题答案（最新）9、LanguageandthoughtEarlyviewsonlanguageandthoughtPlatosuggestedthatthoughtwasthesoul'sdiscoursewithitself,whichinotherwordsmeansthatthoughtandlanguagewereidentical.Itismentalist,echoedbyWalson(AmericanpsychologistandfounderofBehaviorism)andBloomfieldwhosaidthatthinkingisasystemof

2、movementsthathadbeenreducedfromactualspeechtothepointwheretheywerenolongervisible・Aristotlechallengedhisthoughtarguingthatmankindcouldnothavethesamelanguagesandthatlanguagewereonlysongsofpsychologicalexperiences・10、什么是Sapir-Whorf假设？TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisisatheorypulforwardby(heAmericananthropol

3、ogicallinguistsSapirandWhorf(andalsoabeliefheldbysomescholars).Itstatesthatthewaypeopleviewtheworldisdeterminedwhollyorpartlybythestructureoftheirnativelanguagc・(2)TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisconsistsoftwoparts,i.c.linguisticdeterminismandrelativism.Whorfproposedfirstthatallhigherlevelsofthinkingared

4、ependentonlanguage・Orputitmorebluntly,languagedeterminesthought,i・e.〔henotionoflinguisticdeterminism.Becauselanguagesdifferinmanyways,WhorfalsobelievedthatspeakersofdiHerenllanguagesperceiveandexperiencetheworlddifferently,i.e.relativetotheirlinguisticbackground,hencethenotionoflinguisticrelativi

5、sm.11>ArgumentsagainsttheSapir-WhorfHypothesis(verypopulartoday)为什么说语言不能决定思维？WordsandmeaningItiswidelyacceptedthatthevocabularyofalanguageconsistsofnothingmorethanmeaninglesslabels,whicharemanipulatedbylanguageuserstoelicitenlotionalreactionsorbehavioralresponses,toimpart给予informationortodirectth

6、elistener'sattention.Themeaningofwordhighlydependsonandchangesbycontext.12>GrammaticalstructureManygrammaticalfeaturesarepurelysuperficialaspectsoflinguisticstructure・TninslationTherearesomeconceptualdifferencesbetweenculturesduetolanguage,butthisisnottosaythatthedifferencesaresogreatthatmutualco

7、mprehensionisimpossible・Onelanguagemaytakemanywordstosaywhatanotherlanguagesaysinasingleword,butintheendthecircumlocution婉转曲折的陈述canmakethepoint・13、SecondlanguageacquisitionIflanguageshavedifferentconceptualsystems,then