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1、Thedesignoflathescanvarygreatlydependingontheintendedapplication;however,basicfeaturesarecommontomosttypes.Thesemachinesconsistof(attheleast)aheadstock,bed,carriage,andtailstock.Bettermachinesaresolidlyconstructedwithbroadbearingsurfaces(slidesorways)forstability,andmanufacturedwithgreat
2、precision.Thishelpsensurethecomponentsmanufacturedonthemachinescanmeettherequiredtolerancesandrepeatability.[edit]HeadstockHeadstockwithlegend,numbersandtextwithinthedescriptionrefertothoseintheimageTheheadstock(H1)housesthemainspindle(H4),speedchangemechanism(H2,H3),andchangegears(H10).
3、Theheadstockisrequiredtobemadeasrobustaspossibleduetothecuttingforcesinvolved,whichcandistortalightlybuilthousing,andinduceharmonicvibrationsthatwilltransferthroughtotheworkpiece,reducingthequalityofthefinishedworkpiece.Themainspindleisgenerallyhollowtoallowlongbarstoextendthroughtothewo
4、rkarea.Thisreducespreparationandwasteofmaterial.Thespindlerunsinprecisionbearingsandisfittedwithsomemeansofattachingworkholdingdevicessuchaschucksorfaceplates.Thisendofthespindleusuallyalsohasanincludedtaper,frequentlyaMorsetaper,toallowtheinsertionoftapersandcenters.Onoldermachinesthesp
5、indlewasdirectlydrivenbyaflatbeltpulleywithlowerspeedsavailablebymanipulatingthebullgear.Latermachinesuseagearboxdrivenbyadedicatedelectricmotor.Afullygearedheadallowstheoperatortoselectspeedsentirelythroughthegearbox.[edit]BedThebedisarobustbasethatconnectstotheheadstockandpermitsthecar
6、riageandtailstocktobealignedparallelwiththeaxisofthespindle.Thisisfacilitatedbyhardenedandgroundwayswhichrestrainthecarriageandtailstockinasettrack.Thecarriagetravelsbymeansofarackandpinionsystem,leadscrewofaccuratepitch,orfeedscrew.Typesofbedsincludeinverted"V"beds,flatbeds,andcombinati
7、on"V"andflatbeds."V"andcombinationbedsareusedforprecisionandlightdutywork,whileflatbedsareusedforheavydutywork.[citationneeded]Whenalatheisinstalled,thefirststepistolevelit,whichreferstomakingsurethebedisnottwistedorbowed.Thereisnoneedtomakethemachineexactlyhorizontal,but
